Volume 52, Issue 3. Descriptivists allow for change and are willing to forgo some rules to fit current norms. The contention is that such similarity in success prospects requires social and economic redistribution and not only anti-discrimination and equal treatment (what Rawls refers to as formal equal opportunities). blurted this. Among them is Nancy Pelosi who became the Speaker of the House in the Eleventh Congress and James Clyburn, an African-American who served as Majority Whip. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account. In the end, there is however a set of remaining pro arguments suggesting that descriptive representation produces some exclusive benefits. Swain, C. M. (1993). - Volume 55 Issue 2. Sound bar - Pros and Cons. The question here is what happens to the calculus of descriptive representation under the condition that state feminist machineries are in place and work relatively efficiently. Descriptive representation describes the extent to which public officials reflect the demographic composition of the constituents that they serve. Descriptivists allow for change and are willing to forgo some rules to fit current norms. It might be helpful to take a longer-term perspective here: rather than focusing on the absence of particular (small) groups in society in any given legislature, focus on persistent exclusion over several legislatures. Convenience Sampling Defined: Pros & Cons. Christiano, T. (2012). 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Eds.). Plantenga, J., Remery, C., Figueiredo, H., & Smith, M. (2009). Barry, B. Founding members of the CBC include John Conyers (D-MI), currently the longest-serving member of the House of Representatives, Charles Rangel (D-NY), and Shirley Chisholm, a founder of the NWPC and the first African American woman to be elected to the House of Representatives.
What is a Descriptive Representative? | PS: Political Science As countries become more and more divers, they are looking for better understanding on descriptive representation and the driving force in regards to the minorities within their nation state. This advantage makes it possible to determine if outcomes are viable. The importance of descriptive representation in regards to minorities has been the subject of many debates in the past. The pros: Its the best way to collect data without bias. Undocumented Youth and Collective Representation in the U.S. Congress, Good Practices of Indigenous Political Participation: Maori Participation in New Zealand Elective Bodies, Race, Bureaucracy, and Symbolic Representation: Interactions Between Citizens and Police, Conditioning Descriptive Representation: Institutional Moderation of Unique Group Perspectives in Legislative Debates, Political Participation of Australian Muslims, Minority Representation, Empowerment, and Participation, Morals or money? Namely, the institutional design of the state legislature matters in terms of electoral responsiveness, with Florida and New Mexico the most responsive, and New York and the U.S. House the least responsive to the election of Latino legislators. Although the federal government of the United States is said to strive to construct a homogeneous nation when it comes to equal rights and opportunities for its citizens in different states and cities, there have been numerous historical occurrences that demonstrate opposing aims. If you are doing a comparison between two products, you might give one product an unfair advantage to get the desired results. Racial profiling and stereotyping are just two forms in which minorities have been facing for years.
U.S Congress.docx - Surname 1 Name: Professor: Course: Problems of Descriptive Representation in Dutch Works Councils Pros & Cons of Descriptive Research Varied. Yet, demographically speaking, Congress as a whole is still a long way from where the country is and remains largely white, male, and wealthy. Should blacks represent blacks and women represent women? Visualize the benefits and drawbacks of the solution. in or register, 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. 1. Confidentiality is the primary weakness of descriptive research. This essay will proceed as follows. (2001). Return to Figure. Despite of this diversity the American communities have been marginalized since forever. Martin, J. R. (1994). I didnt have an opinion when surveys asked if I felt that I wasn't being treated equally to my fellow American classmate with all the same qualities I held. However, what good representation should be is debated. Wagle Estate, Thane-400604, Maharashtra, India. CrossRef Hernes, H. (1987). Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. Disadvantages include the technical precision, time and funding resources necessary to create tables and graphs. Moreover, to date, few minority legislators have been elected from districts that do not contain a high percentage of minority constituents. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Letters can be written to their representatives. Gender as seriality: Thinking about women as a social collective. Rawls, J. In the achievement of this endeavour, first, I have examined the legislative initiatives of the NP in the period January 2012 - June . Cornell, D. (1995). An example of descriptive statistics would be finding a pattern that comes from the data you've taken. Towards a European union gender equality index. Qualitative research, such as surveys and interviews, make information relatable to the reader. The descriptive evaluation was proposed as opposed to traditional method of evaluation and it is based on new strategies for facing the government's challenges. Your email address will not be published. Berkeley: University of California Press. Measures like percentiles and quartiles become very useful in this area of expertise. Experimental research offers the highest levels of control. ), Deliberative systems: Deliberative democracy at the large scale. List of Pros of Bicameral Legislature. Woocommerce Remove Product Attribute Programmatically, It is different from exploratory research in that it is typically more focused on a certain unknown or unproven aspect of the project. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Sociologist. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
What is Descriptive Analysis?- Types and Advantages - Analytics Steps Second, this same information reveals to us when somebody is strange, or something improper is going on.
Pros & Cons of Descriptive Research - Career Trend Does the representative look like, have common interests with, or share certain experiences with the represented?
Descriptive Representation In Congress | American Congress Walby, S. (2011). Reisel, L. (2014). Esping-Andersen, G. (1990). 3. Lafont, C. (2006). Pearl Necklace for Women, 18K Gold Staion Neckalce Tin Cup Pearl Instead, proper representation for some is rooted in the racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, gender, and sexual identity of the representatives themselves. There are a few different ways to look at this by taking a look at different minority groups and examining their struggles. The predominant theory that descriptive representation improves a constituent's relationship with the state (Mansbridge 1999) has led to the study of how sharing a salient identity with one's representative positively affects attitudes toward government.In particular, political science has examined the effect of descriptive representation on political efficacy, a measure of trust and sense . New York: Colombia University Press. In this way, it couldn't just be that distinctive individuals lived in the high-wrongdoing territories than in the low-wrongdoing zones. Fraser, N. (2013). The notions of women-centred/intersectional state feminism, state feminism with/without a welfare state and with/without democratization should be thought of in terms of Weberian ideal types. While Click the account icon in the top right to: Oxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. The closest comparative system would be the representative republic, such as used in the United States. Young, I. M. (2000). It evaluates empirical evidence on the impact of race, gender, and ethnicity on the behavior of legislators. Classic descriptive statistics include mean, min, max, standard deviation, median, skew, kurtosis. Minorities can be said to place themselves at a disadvantage because of their vulnerability and stubborn inability to, The fact that the social disorganization theory is pretty much you will that one one individual is influence of the people around him if he is in a neighbor hood known of robberies then the individual is more than likely going to be doing robberies. London: Sage. For example, if you are assembling a questionnaire, you might load the questions to direct the reader to answer a certain way. Equal opportunity and equal social outcome. Tests: The Material and Tangible Effects of Descriptive Representation. Saskatchewan Schools; Research Methods in Psychology; Dr. Mark Burgess and Dr. Stephen Kemp. Lovenduski, J. A., & Marmor, T. R. (1981). (2014). At the heart of freedom: Feminism, sex & equality. 1. Your browser seems to have Javascript disabled. Evidence from Romania. For example, Patsy Mink (D-HI), the first Asian American woman elected to Congress, was the coauthor of the Education Amendments Act of 1972, Title IX of which prohibits sex discrimination in education. Explaining Preferences about Descriptive Representation, When politics is not just a man's game: Women's representation and political engagement, Womens Political Representation: A Review, Partisanship, Structure and Representation: The Puzzle of African American Education Politics, Falling Behind, Keeping Up, or Getting Ahead: Ethnic Candidates and the Competition for non-Western Origin Voters in the West, Levelling the playing field: Monitoring Croatian policies to promote gender equality in politics, Can Deliberative Minipublics Address the Cognitive Challenges of Democratic Citizenship, Parity/Disparity: Electoral Gender Inequality on the Tightrope of Liberal Constitutional Traditions, INTERSECTIONAL PRESENTATIONS: An Exploratory Study of Minority Congresswomen's Websites' Biographies, Ethnocultural Voting? Pages 491-507. Descriptive research is a process of systematically describing and analyzing something's features, properties or characteristics.
[Solved] pros/cons of descriptive measures | Course Hero Cons are arguments against it. Descriptive research provides numerical descriptions that identify what the thing being studied looks like in terms of its size, location, and frequency. African Americans made up the largest percentage, with forty-eight members, while Latinos accounted for thirty-two members, up from nineteen just over a decade before. Shaw and McKay created common complication hypothesis to explain variety crosswise over neighborhoods. Descriptive representation A belief that constituents are more effectively represented by legislators who are similar to them in such key demographic characteristics as race, gender, ethnicity, or religion Racial gerrymandering The drawing of a legislative district to maximize th chance that a minority candidate will win the election Veto PubMedGoogle Scholar, Uni Research Rokkan Centre, Bergen, Norway, Centre for Womens and Gender Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Department of Comparative Politics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Department of Information Science and Media Studies, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Holst, C. (2016). Another argument in favor of descriptive research is that once information is assembled, there are many ways to apply it. Inclusion and democracy. The three that we visit on every trip to Atlanta are Six Flags, Stone Mountain, and the Atlanta Aquarium. 1. Bigger or more populous countries, especially those that have many provinces or states and a diverse society need people to be represented adequately at all levels of governance. Descriptive research has advantages and disadvantages with researchers accounting for positive and negative variables. That's pretty straightforward. It may not be until one is pursing their final years of high school, or perhaps even in college when they are aware of Americas history of possessing a highly restrictive political system. Aldershot: Ashgate. Using an analytical tool such as a pros-and-cons list emphasizes the objective, "just the facts" side of decision making. The advantages of using tables and graphs to organize data include easy visualization of statistics, poignant descriptions of data, the provision of a summary of the overall work and the interest people show to graphics over words, according to Texas A&M University. Fleurbaey, M. (1995). Multicultural citizenship. Easy to set up, doesn't require extra space. Advantage. 3.
Women in Parliaments: Descriptive and Substantive Representation https://thenounproject.com/term/share/7671/, CC BY. Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. The theory of the politics of presence (Phillips 1995) provides reasons for expecting a link between descriptive and substantive representation. Government American Congress Congressional Representation. The maximization use of an executive law-making body is the crucial advantage that representative democracy can offer. Descriptive Representation : Brief Description. The 116th Congress has been the most racially and ethnically diverse in U.S. history, with 56 Black members, 43 Hispanic members, 17 Asian members, and four Native American members.
Advantages And Disadvantages Of Descriptive Research Previous Figure Next Figure. Select your institution from the list provided, which will take you to your institution's website to sign in. Economics and Philosophy, 11, 2556. In Y. Galligan (Ed. During this time more than ever, African Americans are able to speak on subjects that can affect us in the future. Descriptive research is used to gain information about behavior. States of democracy: A gender perspective. "Share icon", Quan Do, The Noun Project.
Bone Conduction Headphones Pros and Cons - Descriptive Audio Market Research World: What are The Pros and Cons of Data Collection Methods? Pros are listed as arguments in favor of making a particular decision or action. Would perfect mobility be perfect? Representing Diversity. Stella M. Rouse is assistant professor of government and politics at University of MarylandCollege Park. that is one example, One of their most vital discoveries was that distinction in wrongdoing rates crosswise over territories did not change with changes in the populace yet remained steady crosswise over time. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. The maximization use of an executive law-making body is the crucial advantage that representative democracy can offer. There are, however, practical limitations to including different groups and subgroups in There are many benefits of including minorities of power in decision-making so-called descriptive representation. Does Descriptive Representation Facilitate Women's Distinctive Voice? Gives others the ability to learn and develop new skills 3. 5 No. 9. Companies can collect data first-hand based on stats and unbiased information. In some cases, representation can seem to have very little to do with the substantive issues representatives in Congress tend to debate. Don't want to keep filling in name and email whenever you want to comment? Descriptive research does not rely on only one type of data; it relies on both quantitative and qualitative Relatable. Democratic political theory. Reading a hundred pages may not give any scope to make a decision. Your email address will not be published. These are issues that have left minorities feeling as though they are belittled and not treated as fairly as the majority in our society. Teigen, M. (2000). Guinier, L. (1994). Descriptive studies include case reports, case-series, qualitative studies and surveys (cross-sectional) studies, which measure the frequency of several factors, and hence the size of the problem.
The Limits of Descriptive Representation Current Affairs People of color are also serving as mayors across the country, including in major cities like D.C., Chicago, Baltimore, and Atlanta. These descriptive representations reflect the laws of nature, the system, or logical constraints for the design of the product. Representative democracy is a form of government in which the people elect officials to create laws and policy on their behalf. Peter, F. (2011). Social representation. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society, 21(2).
Proportional Representation: Definition, Example, Pros & Cons Palgrave Macmillan, London. Pros. In contexts of group mistrust and uncrystallized interests, the better communication and experiential Like all different types of research, descriptive research has both advantages and disadvantages.
Difference between Descriptive and Inferential Statistics In N. Fraser & A. Honneth (Eds. The 113th Congress, has twenty-eight Hispanic U.S. 38 E Locust St, Mechanicsburg, Pa, Often times in American history, unselected natural characteristics such as race and ethnicity have served as keen factors permitting unequal treatment of individuals and at creating barriers placing minority groups at a disadvantage when attempting to practice influence over the government. The descriptive characteristics of a representative can lull voters into thinking their substantive interests are being represented even when this is not the case. The concept of representation. Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. Martin-Woolman Ltd. Home; History; Services. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Unless specified, this website is not in any way affiliated with any of the institutions featured. Wngnerud, L. (2009). Patsy Mink (a), a Japanese American from Hawaii, was the first Asian American woman elected to the House of Representatives.
Descriptive research is a form of research that relies on a variety of different techniques to organize information.
Study designs Centre for Evidence-Based - University of Oxford