[111], The London Underground was used by 296.1million passengers in 202021.[3]. Erase Asia (No Outlines or Skips) 5. The only London Underground stations in Zones 7 to 9 are on the Metropolitan line beyond Moor Park, outside London region. [55] In 1999, the Jubilee Line Extension project extended the Jubilee line from Green Park station through the growing Docklands to Stratford station. [305] The Johnston typeface was developed in upper and lower case in 1916, and a complete set of blocks, marked Johnston Sans, was made by the printers the following year. Fares are calculated based on the number of zones traversed. London Underground also plans to add up to an additional 18 trains to the current fleet of 63 trains of 1996 stock. Until 1994 the Waterloo & City line was operated by British Rail and its predecessors. [46] At the time, the term Underground was selected from three other proposed names; 'Tube' and 'Electric' were both officially rejected. [12], The early tube lines, originally owned by several private companies, were brought together under the Underground brand in the early 20th century, and eventually merged along with the sub-surface lines and bus services in 1933 to form London Transport under the control of the London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB). The 11 new stations were designed to be "Future-proof", with wide passageways, large quantities of escalators and lifts, and emergency exits. There are 20 miles (32km) of cut-and-cover tunnel and 93 miles (150km) of tube tunnel. For the album by Herbie Mann, see. Coming in second for length and second for number of stations it serves (53), just like the ride itself this line is very much the second 2 Metropolitan line - 66.7km. 4. [310], Early advertising posters used various letter fonts. Travel tools; The Metropolitan line can reach speeds of 62mph (100km/h). During air raids in 1915 people used the tube stations as shelters. 270 stations Since then the Underground network, affectionately nicknamed the Tube by generations of Londoners, has grown to 270 stations and 11 lines stretching deep into the Capital's suburbs, and beyond. [107][109], The lines are electrified with a four-rail DC system: a conductor rail between the rails is energised at210V and a rail outside the running rails at +420V, giving a potential difference of 630V. On the sections of line shared with mainline trains, such as the District line from East Putney to Wimbledon and Gunnersbury to Richmond, and the Bakerloo line north of Queen's Park, the centre rail is bonded to the running rails. Harry Potter fans will remember that the titular character has to find his way from the underground station to a secret . The London Underground was the world's first underground railway. In many stations the ventilation system is now ineffective because of alterations that reduce tunnel diameters and increase turbulence. [151] The only wooden escalator not to be replaced was at Greenford station, which remained until March 2014 when TfL replaced it with the first incline lift on the UK transport network in October 2015. [154] Lift and escalators are abundant with advertising posters which can be used for artistic purposes due to the nature of their layout. [10] As of 2015[update], 92% of operational expenditure is covered by passenger fares. This list includes all stations on the London Underground and Docklands Light Railway. The line and the stations were transferred to the London Overground network in 2010. [59] Following bombing in 1940, passenger services over the West London line were suspended, leaving Olympia exhibition centre without a railway service until a District line shuttle from Earl's Court began after the war. It also depends on an absence of turbulence in the tunnel headspace. [93] This record was subsequently beaten in later years, with 4.82 million riders in December 2015. [37], With the advent of electric Tube services (the Waterloo and City Railway and the Great Northern and City Railway), the Volks Electric Railway, in Brighton, and competition from electric trams, the pioneering Underground companies needed modernising. [75], In 1979 another new tube, the Jubilee line, named in honour of Queen Elizabeth's Silver Jubilee, took over the Stanmore branch from the Bakerloo line, linking it to a newly constructed tube between Baker Street and Charing Cross stations. [47] An extension of the Central line west to Ealing was also delayed by the war and was completed in 1920. [32] The Waterloo and City Railway opened in 1898,[33] followed by the Central London Railway in 1900, known as the "twopenny tube". The line is predicted to run 30 trains per hour, an increase of up to 50% on the current 21 trains per hour. [10] The system serves 272 stations and has 250 miles (400km) of track. [24] It was hailed as a success, carrying 38,000 passengers on the opening day, and borrowing trains from other railways to supplement the service. If you take the average depth below sea level of all the platforms in each tube station - an important clarification - London Bridge comes out on top (bottom). Lewisham used to be served by the East London line (stations at New Cross and New Cross Gate). Heathrow Terminals 2 and 3 station is between the terminals, which are a few minutes' walk away via pedestrian subway. A London Underground line and the London Overground have been suspended as a result of the incident as police swarmed the station this afternoon Police arrive at the scene following the double . Over 500million journeys have taken place using contactless, and TfL has become one of Europe's largest contactless merchants, with around 1 in 10 contactless transactions in the UK taking place on the TfL network. Over 28 stations will have lifts installed over the next 10 years, bringing the total of step-free stations to over 100. The Metropolitan Railway protested about the change of plan, but after arbitration by the Board of Trade, the DC system was adopted. [56], In the following years, the outlying lines of the former Metropolitan Railway closed, the Brill Tramway in 1935, and the line from Quainton Road to Verney Junction in 1936. How many stations are there on the London Underground? The Bakerloo line was extended north to Queen's Park to join a new electric line from Euston to Watford, but the First World War delayed construction and trains reached Watford Junction in 1917. [299] The project was critically acclaimed, with the Royal Fine Arts Commission describing the project as "an example of patronage at its best and most enlightened", and two stations shortlisted for the Stirling Prize. This will replace the existing fleet with new air-cooled walkthrough trains and a new automatic signalling system. [204] The Oyster card must be 'touched in' at the start and end of a journey, otherwise it is regarded as 'incomplete' and the maximum fare is charged. Two people are stabbed outside Harlesden Tube station: Police rush to the scene and Bakerloo line is part-suspended. [285], In the first decade of the 20th century Leslie Green established a house style for the tube stations built by the UERL, which were clad in ox-blood faience blocks. [108] Trains generally run on the left-hand track. The London Underground is a metro system in the United Kingdom that serves Greater London and the home counties of Buckinghamshire, Essex and Hertfordshire. [218] Since 2010 a dispute between London Underground and trade unions over holiday pay has resulted in a limited service on Boxing Day.[221]. [61], During the war many tube stations were used as air-raid shelters. [31], For the first deep-level tube line, the City and South London Railway, two 10feet 2inches (3.10m) diameter circular tunnels were dug between King William Street (close to today's Monument station) and Stockwell, under the roads to avoid the need for agreement with owners of property on the surface. [318], The Johnston Sans letter font began appearing on posters from 1917. I would extend the Hayes Line to Sevenoaks via Keston, Biggin Hill Airport, Westerham, Brasted, Sundridge and Sevenoaks. [144] Each lift was staffed, and at some quiet stations in the 1920s the ticket office was moved into the lift, or it was arranged that the lift could be controlled from the ticket office. [209], A concessionary fare scheme is operated by London Councils for residents who are disabled or meet certain age criteria. [193] There are nine zones with zone 1 being the central zone, which includes the loop of the Circle line with a few stations to the south of River Thames. Overall, 75 of the 100 best-performing busy stations in the UK are in the capital, and London Overground is one of the top three most punctual railway lines, rail tracker website On Time Trains found. To enable this up to 50 additional trains will be built in addition to the current 106 1995 stock. Opened on 10 January 1863,[7] it is now part of the Circle, District, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines. [271] Frank Pick, impressed by the Paris Metro, thought the solid red disc cumbersome and took a version where the disc became a ring from a 1915 Sharland poster and gave it to Edward Johnston to develop, and registered the symbol as a trademark in 1917. [171], New S Stock trains have been introduced on the sub-surface (District, Metropolitan, Hammersmith & City and Circle) lines. In recent years, the stations of the 1990s Jubilee Line Extension were designed in a high-tech style by architects such as Norman Foster and Michael Hopkins. Originally a joint Great Western and Metropolitan railways service, the line first appeared separately on the tube map in 1990. build the 'Thameslink 2' to Stratford via Greenwich, Canary Wharf and Bromley-by-Bow to take pressure off the DLR, and then go up to Stansted Airport where . A number of crime scenes are in place after two men suffered stab injuries. The system is patrolled by both uniformed and plain-clothes fare inspectors with hand-held Oyster-card readers. The Underground uses several railways and alignments that were built by main-line railway companies. The system operates below ground in central London but runs on the surface in the outlying suburbs. [62] They were not always a guarantee of safety however; on 11 January 1941 during the London Blitz, a bomb penetrated the booking hall of Bank Station, the blast from which killed 111 people, many of whom were sleeping in passage ways and on platforms. The first trains run from about 05:00 and the last trains until just after 01:00, with later starting times on Sunday mornings. His design was displayed at Southwark Station in collaboration with Art on the Underground to mark the opening weekend of the new Tate Modern gallery situated near the station. [223][224] On 23 May 2016 it was announced that the night service would launch on 19 August 2016 for the Central and Victoria lines. [142] Often, electronic signs have their flat surface at right angles to the main air flow, causing choked flow. LONDON TUBE MAP. At peak times, there are more than 543 trains whizzing around the Capital. The trains have been replaced with 47 new higher-capacity 2009-stock trains. The latest of these lines is the highly successful Elizabeth line which was . [162] The EE network has also recently released a WiFi calling feature available on the iPhone. The transfer of responsibility was staged, with transfer of control of London Underground delayed until July 2003, when London Underground Limited became an indirect subsidiary of TfL. Three South Western Railway passenger trains a day use District Line tracks between Wimbledon and East Putney. The London Borough of Hackney, to the north, has two stations on its border. 4. [247] A special staff training facility was opened at West Ashfield tube station in TFL's Ashfield House, West Kensington in 2010 at a cost of 800,000. It's useful and clearly indicates the general directions taken by the trains (north, south, east or westbound), with all interchanges clearly shown. [206], In 2014, TfL became the first public transport provider in the world to accept payment from contactless bank cards. A notice was published on 28 February 2014 in the Official Journal of the European Union asking for expressions of interest in building the trains. There are 184 lifts,[153] and numbers have increased in recent years because of investment in making tube stations accessible. [138] In 2012, air-cooling units were installed on platforms at Green Park station using cool deep groundwater and at Oxford Circus using chiller units at the top of an adjacent building. A total of 173 people, including 62 children, died, making this both the worst civilian disaster in Britain during the Second World War, and the largest loss of life in a single incident on the London Underground network. [246] As of 2015[update] there have been nine consecutive years in which no employee fatalities have occurred. [175][176], The signalling system on the Northern line has been replaced to increase capacity on the line by 20%, as the line now runs 24 trains per hour at peak times, compared to 20 previously. [171][172], The Central line was the first line to be modernised in the 1990s, with 85 new 1992-stock trains and a new automatic signalling system installed to allow Automatic Train Operation. . People ask also, what is the longest underground line? As of 2021, the record for fastest completion was held by Steve Wilson (UK) and Andi James (Finland), who completed the challenge in 15 hours, 45 minutes and 38 seconds on 21 May 2015. [72], On 1 January 1970 responsibility for public transport within Greater London passed from central government to local government, in the form of the Greater London Council (GLC), and the London Transport Board was abolished. [135][136] The main purpose of the London Underground's ventilation fans is to extract hot air from the tunnels,[132] and fans across the network are being refurbished, although complaints of noise from local residents preclude their use at full power at night. [292] Holden's design for the Underground's headquarters building at 55 Broadway included avant-garde sculptures by Jacob Epstein, Eric Gill and Henry Moore.[293][294]. Small changes to the Tube network occurred in the 2000s, with extensions to Heathrow Terminal 5, new station at Wood Lane and the Circle line changed from serving a closed loop around the centre of London to a spiral also serving Hammersmith in 2009. [262][263], The current standard tube map shows the Docklands Light Railway, London Overground, Emirates Air Line, London Tramlink and the London Underground;[264] a more detailed map covering a larger area, published by National Rail and Transport for London, includes suburban railway services. [94] In 2013, the Underground celebrated its 150th anniversary, with celebratory events such as steam trains and installation of a unique Labyrinth artwork at each station.[95]. [14] Contactless bank card payments were introduced in 2014,[15] the first such use on a public transport system.[16]. [339] Analysis of the Underground as a network may also be helpful for setting safety priorities, since the stations targeted in the 2005 London bombings were amongst the most effective for disrupting the transportation system. [163], A southern extension of the Bakerloo line from Elephant & Castle has been proposed multiple times since the line opened. This will replace the existing fleet with new air-cooled walk-through trains and a new signalling system to allow Automatic Train Operation. [66][71] Also during the 1960s, the Victoria line was dug under central London and, unlike the earlier tunnels, did not follow the roads above. The Carr-Edwards report, published in 1938 as possibly the first attempt at a graphics standards manual, introduced stricter guidelines. [194] Paper tickets, the contactless Oyster cards, contactless debit or credit cards[195] and Apple Pay[196] and Android Pay[197] smartphones and watches can be used for travel. [50] The Metropolitan promoted housing estates near the railway with the "Metro-land" brand and nine housing estates were built near stations on the line. 1940: People asleep on the platform of Holborn underground station during an air raid. [13] The Travelcard ticket was introduced in 1983 and Oyster card, a contactless ticketing system, in 2003. [203] Fares for single journeys are cheaper than paper tickets, and a daily cap limits the total cost in a day to the price of a Day Travelcard. [296] Few new stations were built in the 50 years after 1948, but Misha Black was appointed design consultant for the 1960s Victoria line, contributing to the line's uniform look,[297] with each station having an individual tile motif. [73], On 28 February 1975, a southbound train on the Northern City Line failed to stop at its Moorgate terminus and crashed into the wall at the end of the tunnel, in the Moorgate tube crash. [338] Routes on the Underground can also be optimized using a global network optimization approach, akin to routing algorithms for Internet applications. [253], Early maps of the Metropolitan and District railways were city maps with the lines superimposed,[254] and the District published a pocket map in 1897. Listed for each of the 273 stations are the lines serving it, local authority and the fare zone in which it is located,[note 1] the date it and any earlier main line service opened, previous names and passenger usage statistics in millions per year. [278][279], In 2016, Tate Modern commissioned conceptual artist Michael Craig-Martin to "reimagine" the roundel, changing its colours for the first time since the sign was introduced. Victoria) London Overground & Bakerloo line. On the Circle and Hammersmith & City lines . [145] The first escalator on the London Underground was installed in 1911 between the District and Piccadilly platforms at Earl's Court and from the following year new deep-level stations were provided with escalators instead of lifts. [91] In 2019[update], over 12 million Oyster cards and 35 million contactless cards were used, generating around 5bn in ticketing revenue. [70] In 1962, the British Transport Commission was abolished, and the London Transport Executive was renamed the London Transport Board, reporting directly to the Minister of Transport. [143], Originally access to the deep-tube platforms was by a lift. [234] By 2016 a third of stations had platform humps that reduce the step from platform to train. District Line The District Line has the most stations: 60. [159] UK subscribers to the Three mobile network can use the[160] InTouch[161] app to route their voice calls and texts messages via the Virgin Media Wifi network at 138 London Transport stations. [146] In the 1920s and 1930s many lifts were replaced by escalators. The peak frequency was increased to 36 trains per hour in 2016 after track works were completed to the layout of the points at Walthamstow Central crossover, which transfers northbound trains to the southbound line for their return journey. [101] The Northern Line Extension opened in September 2021, extending the Northern line from Kennington to Battersea Power Station via Nine Elms. [301] West Ham station was built as a homage to the red brick tube stations of the 1930s, using brick, concrete and glass. [222] The Night Tube proposal was originally scheduled to start on 12 September 2015, following completion of upgrades, but in August 2015 it was announced that the start date for the Night Tube had been pushed back because of ongoing talks about contract terms between trade unions and London Underground. [132] In 1938 approval was given for a ventilation improvement programme, and a refrigeration unit was installed in a lift shaft at Tottenham Court Road. This opened in 1890 with electric locomotives that hauled carriages with small opaque windows, nicknamed padded cells. [133] It was claimed in 2002 that, if animals were being transported, temperatures on the Tube would break European Commission animal welfare laws. The London Underground has been running for 160 years. Bakerloo line capacity could be increased by 25% with 27 tph at peak times by 2033. [286] Green pioneered using building design to guide passengers with direction signs on tiled walls, with the stations given a unique identity with patterns on the platform walls. Because these costs are unevenly distributed across stations and platforms, path choice analyses may be helpful in guiding upgrades and choice of new stations. [11] Outside the tunnels of central London, many lines' trains tend to travel at over 40mph (64km/h) in the suburban and countryside areas. [323] Today, commissions range from the pocket tube map cover, to temporary art pieces, to large scale permanent installations in stations. The shortest, at Stratford, gives a vertical rise of 4.1 metres (13ft). One infraco Metronet went into administration in 2007, and TfL took over the other Tube Lines in 2010. According to Ruth Artmonsky, over 150 women artists were commissioned by Pick and latterly Christian Barman to design posters for London Underground, London Transport and London County Council Tramways. metro systems. [164] The line could be extended further on the Hayes National Rail line in future. 1868. These were all delivered by 2017. [198] Single and return tickets are available in either format, but Travelcards (season tickets) for longer than a day are available only on Oyster cards. Heathrow Terminal 4 Underground station is accessible via lifts or stairs on Level -1. To enable this, ventilation, power supply and control and signalling systems will be adapted and modified to allow the increase in frequency. The nickname "Tube" comes from the circular tube-like tunnels through which the small profile trains travel. ", "Elizabeth line: almost 50 years in the planning for Crossrail timeline", "Elizabeth line: Crossrail complete after decades of struggle", "Coronavirus: 40 London Underground stations to be closed", "London Underground: Nine Elms and Battersea Power Station set to open", "Northern Line extension: Two new Tube stations open", "150 London Underground facts (including the birth of Jerry Springer in East Finchley station)", "Which London Underground line is the fastest? Clapham Common. [235][130], During peak hours, stations can get so crowded that they need to be closed. 1. The track, electrical supply and signalling systems are also being upgraded in a programme to increase peak-hour capacity. [165] Due to financial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, work to implement the extension is currently on hold. The first line to operate underground electric traction trains, the City & South London Railway in 1890, is now part of the Northern line. This line is important in this project because it currently provides a less frequent service than other lines. The first section of the Metropolitan District Railway, from South Kensington to Westminster (now part of the District and Circle lines), opens. [83], In 2000, Transport for London (TfL) was created as an integrated body responsible for London's transport system. Today's tube map is an evolution of that original design, and the ideas are used by many metro systems around the world. [96][97] Many Overground stations interchange with Underground ones, and Overground lines were added onto the Tube map. The LPTB commissioned many new station buildings, posters and public artworks in a modernist style. [85][86], In the early 2000s, London Underground was reorganised in a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) as part of a project to upgrade and modernise the system. The New Tube for London, which will replace the trains for the Bakerloo, Central, Waterloo and City and Piccadilly lines, is planned to have air conditioning for the new trains along with better energy conservation and regenerative braking.[129][140][141]. [9], The system's first tunnels were built just below the ground, using the cut-and-cover method; later, smaller, roughly circular tunnelswhich gave rise to its nickname, the Tubewere dug through at a deeper level. [273], After the UERL was absorbed into the London Passenger Transport Board in 1933, it used forms of the roundel for buses, trams and coaches, as well as the Underground. Many platforms have unique interior designs to help passenger identification. 2. [255] A Central London Railway route diagram appears on a 1904 postcard and 1905 poster,[256] similar maps appearing in District Railway cars in 1908. The replacement of the signalling system and the introduction of Automatic Train Operation and Control is scheduled for 201922. [291] In the 1920s and 1930s, Charles Holden designed a series of modernist and art-deco stations some of which he described as his 'brick boxes with concrete lids'. The Underground Electric Railways Company of London (UERL) was established in 1902 to fund the electrification of the District Railway and to complete and operate three tube lines, the Baker Street and Waterloo Railway, the Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway and the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway, which opened in 1906-07. Central line capacity increased by 25% with 33 tph at peak times by 2030. Under TfL, London's public transport network became more unified, with existing suburban rail lines across London upgraded and rebranded as London Overground from 2007, with the former East London line became part of the Overground network in 2010. [266][267], Commissioned by Art on the Underground, the cover of the pocket map is designed by various British and international artists, one of the largest public art commissions in the UK. [241] Passengers are entitled to a refund if their journey is delayed by 15minutes or more due to circumstances within the control of TfL,[242] and in 2010, 330,000 passengers out of a potential 11million Tube passengers claimed compensation for delays. Search for Tube station or line (e.g. [274] Between 1948 and 1957 the word "Underground" in the bar was replaced by "London Transport". Therefore, the transportation and complex network literatures include extensive information about the Tube system. Listed for each station is the line or lines serving it, the local authority and London Travelcard zone in which it is located, the date it opened, previous names and passenger usage statistics in millions per year.. The replacement of the Bakerloo line is important in this project because it provides. 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