A Blazing Weapon: Unraveling the Mystery of Greek Fire. He brings back knowledge from the shadow realm, thus linking his people to the spirits and places which were once mythically accessible to all.anthropologist Barbara Meyerhoff ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, Sino-Tibetan, also cited asTrans-Himalayanin a few sources,is afamilyof more than 400 languages, second only toIndo-Europeanin number of native speakers. A neighbor-joining dendrogram based on TD grouped the foxtail millet accessions into eight major clusters, each of which consisted of accessions collected from adjacent geographical areas. One theory is that the Yamnaya were displaced by the Indo-Europeans, who came from the east and settled in the steppes. Yamnaya culture - Wikipedia Back migration from Corded Ware also contributed to Sintashta and Andronovo. So far, integrated comparative analyses of words and tools for textile production are completely lacking for the Northeast Asian Neolithic and Bronze Age. Sacred Mounds, Mountains, Kurgans, and Pyramids may hold deep connections? Our open community is dedicated to digging into the origins of our species on planet earth, and question wherever the discoveries might take us. 2andSupplementary Fig. (2015, 2018) found that a male hunter-gatherer from Lebyazhinka, Samara Oblast who lived ca. Freud preferred to emphasize the psychoanalytic implications of the reification of metaphysical forces, but with particular emphasis on its familial nature. In Mesopotamia, the goddessNintinugga, associated with healing, was accompanied or symbolized by dogs. Significant ANE ancestry are found in some modern populations, including Europeans and Native Americans.ref, The ANE lineage is defined by association with the MA-1, or Malta boy, the remains of an individual who lived during theLast Glacial Maximum, 24,000 years ago in centralSiberia, Ancient North Eurasians are described as a lineage which is deeply related to Paleolithic/Mesolithic hunter-gatherers in Europe, meaning that they diverged from Paleolithic Europeans a long time ago.ref, The ANE population has also been described as having been basal to modern-day Europeans but not especially related to East Asians, and is suggested to have perhaps originated in Europe or Western Asia or the Eurasian Steppe of Central Asia. The term Yamnaya comes from the Russian expression Yamnaya Kultura which means 'pit culture'. Sacred Bulls, the Moon, and Fertility begins at least around 35,000 years ago? Trinity Evolution Started over 30,000 years ago, Maybe? Brothers follow brothers, nieces follow aunts, and cousins follow cousins. City goddesses include:Mumbadevi(Mumbai),Sachchika(Osian); Kuladevis include:Ambika(Porwad), andMahalakshmi. We atheists too often feel a need to help the victims of mental slavery, held in the bondage that is the false beliefs of gods and the conspiracy theories of reality found in religions. The Sky's The Limit With Drone Art - Rolling Stone (2009) also reports a surprisingly high frequency of M458 in someNorthern Caucasianpopulations (for example 27.5% amongKarachaysand 23.5% amongBalkars, 7.8% amongKaranogaysand 3.4% amongAbazas). ref, HaplogroupN1cis found chiefly in north-eastern Europe, particularly in Finland (61%), Lapland (53%), Estonia (34%), Latvia (38%), Lithuania (42%), and northern Russia (30%), and to a lower extent also in central Russia (15%), Belarus (10%), eastern Ukraine (9%), Sweden (7%), Poland (4%) and Turkey (4%). There were already people living in the Hungarian Plain, and at least some of them found the Yamnaya lifestyle attractive enough to emulate and adopt. This lineage is closely related to the ANE sample fromAfontova Gora, dated c. 18 kya. ref, Around 5,000 years ago,Origin of Logicsis a Naturalistic Observation (principles of valid reasoning, inference, & demonstration)ref, Around 4,150 to 4,000 years ago: The earliest surviving versions of the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh, which was originally titled He who Saw the Deep (Sha naqba muru) or Surpassing All Other Kings (Shtur eli sharr) were written. Christians traditionally divide the Old Testament into four sections: The first five books or Pentateuch (Torah). This large subclade appears to encompass most of the R1a1a found in Europe. ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref, Mesopotamian Tutelary Deities can be seen as onesrelated to City-States, Historical city-states includedSumeriancities such asUrukandUr;Ancient Egyptiancity-states, such asThebesandMemphis; thePhoeniciancities (such asTyreandSidon); the fivePhilistinecity-states; theBerbercity-states of theGaramantes; the city-states ofancient Greece(thepoleissuch asAthens,Sparta,Thebes, andCorinth); theRoman Republic(which grew from a city-state into a vast empire); theItalian city-statesfrom the Middle Ages to the early modern period, such asFlorence,Siena,Ferrara,Milan(which as they grew in power began to dominate neighboring cities) andGenoaandVenice, which became powerfulthalassocracies; theMayanand other cultures of pre-ColumbianMesoamerica(including cities such asChichen Itza,Tikal,CopnandMonte Albn); thecentral Asiancities along theSilk Road; the city-states of theSwahili coast;Ragusa; states of the medieval Russian lands such asNovgorodandPskov; and many others.ref, TheUruk period(ca. The Samara culture was preceded by the Middle Volga culture that flourished in the 6th millennium BCE. This admixture was brought to Europe by Mongoloid people via Siberia. This was a world of mobile herders who took their cattle and sheep from place to place, using horses to do so. Goddesses/Demigoddesses/Grandmother-Mother Ancestor Spirits from Catal Huyuk? Story of most murderous people of all time revealed in ancient DNA These survived Christianisation asfairy-like creatures existing in folklore, such as the Anglo-ScottishBrownieand SlavicDomovoy.ref, Household deities were usually worshipped not in temples but in the home, where they would be represented by smallidols(such as theteraphimof theBible, often translated as household gods in Genesis 31:19 for example),amulets,paintings,or reliefs. Ancient Chinese Earthquake Detector Invented 2,000 Years Ago Really Worked! Groups with Pontic-Steppe ancestry probably lived in the low-lands along lakes and rivers, while the older population lived in the mountains. The cattle bones yielded lower and more variable values (5.8 to 9.3 ; range 3.5 ) than those of the sheep/goat (7.8 to 10.2 ; range 2.4 ; with an outlier with . In the context of the modifiedKurgan hypothesisofMarija Gimbutas, this pre-kurgan archaeological culture could represent theUrheimat(homeland) of theProto-Indo-European language. How A Handful of Yamnaya Culture Nomads Became the Fathers of Europe Damien Marie AtHope (At Hope)Axiological Atheist, Anti-theist, Anti-religionist, Secular Humanist. Ancient Egypt: Epipaleolithic, Neolithic, and Predynastic from 12,000 to 5,000 years ago, Masked Head Hunters of Karahan Tepe 11,400-year-old monumental site from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A to B. Evolution of human skin color, white-skin is really under 10,000 years old? Around 5,000 years ago there are the full elements seem to be grouping together with its connected set of Dogmatic-Propaganda-Closure belief strains of sacralized superstitionism that took different forms of behavior in different areas of the world. When equated with the Earth or the natural world, such goddesses are sometimes referred to asMother Earthor as theEarth Mother. Genetic testing reveals that Europe is a melting pot, made of - Culture People on the steppe buried their exalted dead in kurgans; kurgans show up later in the Hungarian Plain than on the steppe, accompanied by the same kinds of artifacts we find in burials on the steppe. The Greek word is apistos (a not and pistos faithful,), thus not faithful or faithless because one is unpersuaded and unconvinced by a god(s) claim. He is usually described as attached to particular families, with whom he has been known to reside for centuries, threshing the corn, cleaning the house, and performing similar household tasks. While hallucinogens are associated with shamanism, it is alcohol that is associated with paganism. What we have to find is not a solution but some way of dealing with the mystery . The wooden plows of the Catacomb culture (25001950 BCE) offer an archaeologicalterminus post quem. I personally think there is a goddess and not enough evidence to support a male god atatalhykbut if there was both a male and female god and goddess then I know the kind of gods they were likeProto-Indo-European mythology. In the Hebrew texts this word is interpreted as being semantically singular for god by biblical commentators. Archaeologists call the people who built these mounds representatives of the Yamnaya Culture, transplanted more than 800 miles from their homeland on the steppe to the Pannonian Basin in central Europe. Did a 4,5204,420-year-old Volcano In Turkey Inspire the Bible God? Also, recent archaeogenetic studies trace multiple large-scale trans-Eurasian migrations over the last several millennia using ancient inner Eurasian genomes, including individuals from the Eneolithic Botai culture in northern Kazakhstan in the 4thmillennium BCE. By about 5040 ka a basal West Eurasian lineage had emerged, as had a separateEast Asianlineage. R-M434 is a subclade of Z2125. Creation by the splitting or ordering of a primordial unity such as the cracking of a. Originator deity which is awakened or an eternal entity within the abyss. *developed stage of organized religion is 5,000 years ago. Contemporary Western astrology is often associated with systems ofhoroscopesthat purport to explain aspects of a personspersonalityand predict significant events in their lives based on the positions of celestial objects; the majority ofprofessionalastrologers rely on such systems.ref, Around 5,500 years ago,Science evolves,The first evidence of science was 5,500 years ago and was demonstrated by a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world. Animism: an approximately 100,000-year-old belief system? Our findings furthermore support a Yamnaya-related origin for the now extinct Tocharian languages in the Tarim Basin, in southern Xinjiang. ref, Diet and subsistence in Bronze Age pastoral communities from the southern Russian steppes and the North Caucasus, The slightly rolling to flat steppe landscape north of the Caucasus mountain chain includes vast areas without natural boundaries. 5,000-Year-Old Remains Might Be Oldest-Known Horseback Riders Its proposed features have been derived by linguistic reconstruction from documented Indo-European languages. In the Early and Middle Bronze Age (4th3rd millennia BCE), advanced pastoral cultures emerged in the Circumpontic Metallurgical Province. A new study says Proto-Indo-European spread from the steppes of what are now the Ukraine, southern Russia and western Asia into Europe. Isaiah 43:10 You are my witnesses, declares the LORD, and my servant whom I have chosen, so that you may know and believe me and understand that I am he. Thats mostly because it has the obvious benefit of being a pretty good explanation for how people with a specific kind of ancestry, which shows up earliest in one place, shows up later in others. Domestication of horses for milk is widely accepted to have begun around 3500 BC to 3000 BC, the study said, but the "origins of horseback riding remain elusive.". How it is possible that Russian and Sanskrit are descendants from English and Latin? Most, if not all, cultures have attached importance to what they observed in the sky, and somesuch as the. Most Yeniseian-speaking tribes (Arin, Assan, Baikot, Kott, Pumpokol, Yarin, Yastin) used to live south of the current Ket settlements. Typically for a Neolithic culture, the majority of their diet consisted ofcerealgrains. Herders moving through those valleys brought southwestern Asian crops into China and eastern Asian crops back the other way, says archaeologist Robert Spengler of the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. HistorianDavid Christianhas summarised issues common to multiple creation myths: Each beginning seems to presuppose an earlier beginning. 3300 BCE, it gradually developed into a network of increasingly evolved and disconnected varieties of Indo-European speech, thus foreshadowing the final fragmentation of the language and the movements of the various branches into Europe and Asia. 12). Many books and videos show depictions of vast work forces hewing blocks of stone in the hot desert sun and carefully setting them into place. l is listed at the head of many pantheons. Paleolithic Totem Venuses become the later Goddesses of the Neolithic and beyond? While the rest of their ancestry is derived from the Dzudzuana cave individual dated ~26 kya, which lacked ANE-admixture, Dzudzuana affinity in the Caucasus decreased with the arrival of ANE at ~13 kya Satsurblia.ref, Scandinavian Hunter-Gatherer(SHG) is represented by several individuals buried atMotala, Sweden ca. It is represented by two individuals fromKarelia, one of Y-haplogroup R1a-M417, dated c. 8.4kya, the other of Y-haplogroup J, dated c. 7.2 kya; and one individual fromSamara, of Y-haplogroup R1b-P297, dated c. 7.6 kya. 'culture of pits'), also known as the Yamnaya Horizon, Yamna culture, Pit Grave culture or Ochre Grave culture, was a late Copper Age to early Bronze Age archaeological culture of the region between the Southern Bug, Dniester, and Ural . Another form of personal tutelary spirit is thefamiliar spiritof European folklore.ref, Atutelary(alsotutelar) inKorean shamanism,jangseungandsotdaewere placed at the edge of villages to frighten off demons. Different cultures have employed forms of astrology since at least the 2nd millennium BCE, these practices having originated incalendricalsystems used to predict seasonal shifts and to interpret celestial cycles as signs of divine communications. Center: Steppe cultures1 (black): Anatolian languages (archaic PIE)2 (black): Afanasievo culture (early PIE)3 (black) Yamnaya culture expansion (Pontic-Caspian steppe, Danube Valley) (late PIE)4A (black): Western Corded Ware4B-C (blue & dark blue): Bell Beaker; adopted by Indo-European speakers5A-B (red): Eastern Corded ware5C (red): Sintashta (proto-Indo-Iranian)6 (magenta): Andronovo7A (purple): Indo-Aryans (Mittani)7B (purple): Indo-Aryans (India)[NN] (dark yellow): proto-Balto-Slavic8 (grey): Greek9 (yellow): Iranians [not drawn]: Armenian, expanding from the western steppe. The world's first horse riders saddled up 5,000 years ago, ancient Gene sequencing of another south-central Siberianpeople (Afontova Gora-2)dating to approximately 17,000 years ago, revealed similar autosomal genetic signatures to that of Malta boy-1, suggesting that the region was continuously occupied by humans throughout the Last Glacial Maximum.ref, The earliest known individual with a genetic mutation associated with blonde hair in modern Europeans is an Ancient North Eurasian female dating to around 16000 BCE from theAfontova Gora 3site in Siberia. TheCapitoline TriadofJuno,Jupiter, andMinervawere also tutelaries of Rome. Creation myths address questions deeply meaningful to the society that shares them, revealing their centralworldviewand the framework for the self-identity of the culture and individual in a universal context. Other types of cereal imprints, such as einkorn wheat, soft dwarf wheat, and barley, have been also found. It is furthermore worth noting that at the second-most basal stage, prior to the Tocharian split, the root *h2erh3 had already undergone the semantic shift to plow, implying that this practice was known to the deepest layers of core Indo-European. These foraged plants would have supplemented the diet, and indicate that the residents of atalhyk possessed knowledge of the tubers seasonal cycles. There is little evidence of agriculture or domesticated animals in Siberia during the Neolithic, but pottery was widely used. Evolutionary model of human pigmentation in three continental populations. Were rarely so lucky. Steppe semi-nomads associated with the Abashevo-Sintashta and later with the Srubnaya-Andronovo communities moved from Eastern Europe eastwards to the Altai and even to Xinjiang. Backing the Wrong Wild Horse: New Studies Demolish Equine - Haaretz Even in the case of the Yamnaya, where the material culture seems to fit so nicely with the genetic and linguistic evidence, things arent entirely straightforward. These results indicated strong regional differentiations and a long history of cultivation in each region., The most commonly cited hypothesis associates the family with the Neolithic, agriculture. Commonly proposed subgroups of Indo-European languages include Italo-Celtic, Graeco-Aryan, Graeco-Armenian, Graeco-Phrygian, Daco-Thracian, and Thraco-Illyrian. ref, As speakers of Proto-Indo-European became isolated from each other through the Indo-European migrations, the regional dialects of Proto-Indo-European spoken by the various groups diverged, as each dialect underwent shifts in pronunciation (the Indo-European sound laws), morphology, and vocabulary. The steppe_MLBA gene pool was largely descended from the preceding steppe_EMBA gene pool, with a substantial contribution from Late Neolithic Europeans. Sky Burial and its possible origins at least 12,000 years ago to likely 30,000 years ago or older. Animism: a belief among some indigenous people, young children, or all religious people! The Warriors Who Shaped African History: The Horsemen of Oyo, Royal Mistress Jane Shore Walked Streets of London in her Underwear, Leonardo Da Vincis Notes Show He Understood Gravity Long Before Newton, Talks Begin on Repatriating Remains of Patrick Sarsfield, Irish War Hero, The Ramessid Dynasty: A Golden Era in Ancient Egypt, The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse: Unleashing the End of the World, Unraveling the Mystery of the Carnac Stones: An Ancient Puzzle of Epic Proportions, Unraveling the Enigma of Aramu Muru, The Mysterious Gate of the Gods, Alleged Sighting of the Mythical Manananggal in the Philippines Causes Public Anxiety. The advent of ancient DNA, especially in the last decade, has shifted the paradigm once more. The Yamnaya were able to domesticate horses earlier than any other culture in Eurasia. A similar physical type prevails among theYamnaya, who were tall and powerfully built. Researchers discover Bronze Age skeletons with 'horsemanship syndrome Warring Seima-Turbino groups migrated from Central Asia towards the Urals and further into Eastern Europe. The poetic and proposed Wisdom books dealing, in various forms, with questions of good and evil in the world. They were descended fromWestern Hunter-Gathererswho initially settledScandinaviafrom the south, and later populations of EHG who entered Scandinavia from the north through the coast ofNorway.ref, Iran Neolithic(Iran_N) individuals dated ~8.5 kya carried 50% ANE-derived admixture and 50% Dzudzuana-related admixture, marking them as different from other Near-Eastern and Anatolian Neolithics who didnt have ANE admixture.