Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. As soon as a woman tells an employer she's pregnant, she cannot be fired. A woman's cultural background can affect her needs and expectations during pregnancy and childbirth, as well as how she and her family raise children. Following that, line-by-line reading of all transcripts within the NVivo 11 software and relevant portions of statements made by respondents coded unto existing and new nodes. With the vouchers, the cost of these check-ups roughly breaks down as follows but costs vary depending on the hospital or clinic, as well as the medical diagnosis. USC leans into addressing health inequalities with the hire of global health and human rights leader Jonathan Cohen. Some of the foods mentioned were included ripped plantain, okra and oranges. Essential health services such as monitoring the growth of the baby in utero, giving tetanus injection and the administering of Suphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) to help reduce malaria during pregnancy are provided during ANC. In addition, 22 in-depth interviews were conducted among health workers at district, subdistrict, and community levels. The following quotes are illustrations of that belief: When a woman gives birth, she develops a wound which will have to be treated. Mothers have the option to take a cash grant instead, but the majority opt for the starter kit, which is worth a lot more. Obviously, this extra level of care and service comes at a cost, and private hospitals and clinics can be considerably more expensive than general or university hospitals. Select your child's age in months to begin tracking their development. A questionnaire for both parents (only one needs to be present but you need to know the passport number and residence card number of your partner). During the interviews, detailed descriptive field-notes were written. Mom and baby stay home for 20 days after the delivery, and friends stop by and also sip serbeti. This was done to get a better understanding of the socio-cultural beliefs and practices among pregnant women in the community. Sorry, but your browser needs Javascript to use this site. Participants in this study were of the view that engaging in sex during pregnancy was essential in ensuring smooth delivery and highly recommended for women. The CS is because of lack of sex during pregnancy (Woman with child under five year, FGD). Key conclusions: In Bangladesh, an earlier study reported that confinement of the mother and baby was observed until noai ceremony on day 7 or 9 to protect the baby against any evil (Winch et al., Citation2005). Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. If your proposed name is rejected by the Standesamt, the office of vital statistics, you have to submit another one, and pay a fee each time. 1845 N. Soto St.Los Angeles, CA 90032USA(323) [email protected], 2023 USC Institute on Inequalities in Global Health, Traditional beliefs and practices in pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum: A review of the evidence from Asian countries, SDG Leadership Academy Fellowship Program: Global to Local, The Health and Human Rights Oral History Project, Program on Global Health and Human Rights, Rights-Oriented Research and Education for Sexual and Reproductive Health. Japanese women are advised to have prenatal visits every 4 weeks through 23 weeks gestation, every 2 weeks from 24 to 35 weeks, and every week after 36 weeks, for a total of 14 prenatal visit for a low to medium risk pregnancy. when you go to the women who sell medicine in the room and you explain to them what you are going through, they can get you some herbs to cook and drink. How natural is the supernatural? Training of Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) and providing them with disposable delivery kits was the focus of a study carried out in Pakistan where the intervention arm of the study recorded less maternal deaths than the control arm, and a 30% decrease in neonatal mortality (Jokhio et al., Citation2005). So, we have to give them soft food after some week (Elderly woman, FGD). Cultural and traditional practices, values, and beliefs have been identified by Bazzano et al. The fear of losing pregnancy as a result of bewitchment made pregnant women resort to the practice of confinement, which has implication for the early initiation of antenatal care. The major ethnic groups/cultures identified are Akan but minority ethnic groups include Fantis, Ewes, Gas, Moshies, Sissalas, Nzemas, Dagombas and Kussasis and Mamprushies. Raman S, Nicholls R, Ritchie J, Razee H, Shafiee S. Midwifery. In addition, participants indicated that swelling of the feet was sign that the baby in the uterus was a male. As noted by Creswell et al. Effective, culturally competent communication between doctors and patients is essential in pregnancy care. Pregnancy is not covered under general health insurance in Japan. National Library of Medicine The maternity vouchers act as discount vouchers; they do not cover the full cost of the check-ups. Socio-cultural practices generally have been reported to affect child survival (Adatara et al., Citation2019; Wright et al., Citation2014). According to Patton (Citation2002), purposive sampling technique is widely used in qualitative research and is appropriate to identify and select information-rich cases for the most effective use of limited resources. You expose the baby to the sun and it will disappear. If individuals have a sense of personal agency or self-efficacy, they can change behaviours even when faced with obstacles. It didnt work. Here are some pregnancy beliefs and customs from different parts of the world. I also have some medicine that I apply on the babys body for it to disappear (TBA, IDI). Instead of being showered with gifts when baby is born, its the opposite in Brazilwhen guests come to see mother and child in the hospital, she gives them a basket of presents instead. In other words, you cannot continue to attend a separate clinic all the way up until labor and then turn up at the other hospital just to give birth. The future of OTC contraceptives. headaches, constipation relief, etc. All told, you should expect the checkups to cost about 100,000 ($736) in total (after the discount vouchers). Once 20 days have passed, mother and baby visit the homes of gift givers, where they receive a handkerchief filled with candy (for a good-natured baby) and an egg (for a healthy one). Registered in England & Wales No. However, accepting harmless social practices during labour will improve trust and cater for communitys worldview about childbirth and foster skilled delivery. Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? Other prevalent beliefs and practices across Asian countries included massage, the state of pollution after childbirth, the use of traditional healers and traditional medicine and herbs, beliefs relating to hot/cold imbalance, behavioral taboos, magic, and superstition. Note that no proof of income is required at the time of application, but to ensure that payments are in accordance with changing circumstances, each year in June you need to submit an update notification (, genky-todoke) to the municipal offices. They are also good in protecting women against pregnancy (Postnatal woman, FGD). Objective: Families here still practice a folkloric custom where a spoon, knife and fork are placed under three different chairs, and the mom-to-be chooses one to sit on. in the Profile section of your subscriber account page. The demerits are that waiting times for checkups can sometimes be longer, you may not see the same doctor each time you go, and the food and general level of service might not be as good as at the private hospitals and clinics. Some help to heal wounds in your stomach after birth (Postnatal woman, FGD). From how women are treated to abortion policies, each region has adapted their own unique cultural perspectives on pregnancy. As found in some studies, womens preference for TBAs during pregnancy and labour, compared to the healthcare facilities was due to the use of herbal medications, which was preferred to the drugs and vaccines administered at the ANC clinics (Okafor et al., Citation2014). The rural areas have a total population of 36,990 representing 53.5% of the population of the District relative to 46.5% residing in urban localities (GSS, Citation2010). Publication Link:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0266613817302012?via%3Dihub#! For my first born, it was so difficult when I delivered in the hospital (Postnatal woman, FGD). When it comes to having babies, every culture has its own special customs. The following quote buttresses this assertion by participants: I put towel in hot water and put it the babys fontanelle then I use the hot water to douche the babys navel, private part and buttocks. Another tradition says being pregnant with a boy makes a womans hair thick and shiny, while a girl does the opposite. Certain cultural beliefs and attitudes, including social support for pregnancy and motherhood; and behavior before, during and after pregnancy, have been used to account for healthy birth outcomes and low rates of infant mortality and morbidity, particularly among recent immigrants. .Having sex with your partner makes delivery safe and smooth and will also prevent your husband from going out to have extra marital affairs (Elderly woman, FGD). However, in higher risk cases such as where the mother is pregnant with twins or is older, the private hospital may advise delivery at a general hospital. Birth Notification Certificate of Acceptance (. Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. However, majority of them reported that they do not adhere to this practice due to several reasons. The predominant language is Twi. In the Jamaican culture, expectant women rely on their devout religious beliefs to see them through their nine-month ordeal. Also take your Maternity and Children Health Handbook because you will given a small certificate which you should cut out and stick in your handbook. Pregnancy and childbirth may be a universal experience, but each culture celebrates babys arrival in its own way. (Its also common for parents to talk to baby inside moms belly and ask her for an easy delivery.) However, certain beliefs tend to make these moments also prone to certain rituals and . The various ethnic groups have different cultural beliefs and practices towards prenatal, antenatal, and peripartum periods. Hence a woman starting the ANC late may not be able to complete these services as required. Included in the narrative are the beliefs of a Laotian woman who does not breast-feed her child until the third day postpartum. As a disclaimer, my authority on the subject extends no further than that granted to me by the many, many phone calls to hospitals, enquiries at government offices, and hours of searching Japanese websites and hospital homepages once my wife became pregnant and the panic set in of realizing that I had no clue whom I was supposed to call or where I was supposed to go Nevertheless, I hope it will provide some basis to get you off on the right footing should you find yourself in a similar situation. This figure further decreased to 776 in 2020. Minato Citys website is also a good source for updated information in English. In effect, notes taken during the interviews covered; interactions between the interviewer and interviewees, non-verbal communication, environment, and reflections from interview content. Another reason cited was the belief that babies get thirsty with time and therefore, there was the need to provide them with water. Each of the FGDs lasted between 45 and 60minutes while each the IDIs lasted for an average of 30minutes. Many women giving birth in Australia believe it's important to follow the traditional pregnancy and birth practices of their culture. El ttulo del PDF Deje atrs las dudas sobre s mismo: consiga una base completa en la atencin perinatal eficaz, con Enfermera perinatal, 5. edicin, una publicacin oficial de la Asociacin de enfermeras obsttricas, neonatales y de salud de la mujer (AWHONN). This site needs JavaScript to work properly. We as adults do not eat only one food. Community-based management of neonatal conditions using trained village health workers has been shown to be effective in reducing neonatal mortality (Bhutta et al., Citation2005). However, neonates with these conditions may not have access to good medical care because of the mandatory confinement as a way of protecting the baby against evil eyes. This practice was believed to contribute to making the head round as illustrated with the quotes: We prepare both hot and cold water for the bathing of the baby and then we use shea butter to massage their whole body and then we use cool water to massage their heads (Elderly woman, FGD). To announce babys birth, parents place a stuffed stork in a window facing the street so it looks like the stork just flew in make the delivery. Pregnancy is the time that many women believe they can eat just about anything. You can see the statistics by prefecture and type of institution here (Japanese only). 2016 Jul 5;16(1):147. doi: 10.1186/s12884-016-0938-4. Date:November 11, 2017 In their study in Bangladesh, it was found that 37% of the neonatal deaths occurred within 24hours, 76% within 03days, 84% within 07days, and the remaining 16% within 828days (Chowdhury et al., Citation2010). By virtue of the fact that communities have their own unique cultures and traditions, maternal and new-born traditional practices may differ from community to community. The view held by some participants was that using modern contraceptive method will make it difficult for the woman to conceive after she has stopped using it. Quality assessment of pre- and postnatal nutrition and exercise mobile applications in the United States and China. This was illustrated by the following quotes: .When you are pregnant with a girl there is a place in the womb she sleeps and with a boy too, he has a place he sleeps in the womb (woman with child under five, FGD). The below is designed to give an overview of what to expect, what you need to do, as well as hopefully provide a rough idea of overall expected costs. Whooping cough: New concerns about an old disease, Mental Health; It is herbs or the back of a tree nu bena, you use it to prepare soup and sometimes after delivery the placenta is retained, you use it. These positions are shown with the following quotes: It depends on every individual; I sometimes indulge in sex six months after delivery (Postnatal woman, FGD). Some FGD participants were of the view that the modern contraceptive methods could render a woman barren and therefore preferred to use natural methods. Beyond that, medical institutions are chosen based on word-of-mouth, reputation, proximity to home, and so on. During the elaborate ceremony, the placenta is cleaned, put in a sealed container, wrapped in white cloth and then buried outside of the home. Narrative study design allows research participants to share their knowledge on a particular study topic (Bowling, Citation2014). Instead the immigration bureau will accept a certificate or receipt from your embassy showing that you have applied for one. The study found that some mothers prefer to give birth at facilities of traditional birth attendants. The West tried to isolate Russia. Another local practice in preparation for labour is engaging in sex. To support families with the cost of raising a child, child benefit is provided to all families. The use of herbal preparations to augment labour was reported and this practice favoured home delivery and use of Traditional Birth Attendant. There was also the belief that unborn babies can be bewitched by bad or jealous people in the community thus making them develop certain abnormalities in the uterus. The study concludes that socio-cultural beliefs are common and transcend the entire peripartum period. Just ask any foreign woman who has given birth in Japan. For me I have a small baby so I protect myself using the injectable so that I dont get pregnant (Woman with children under five, FGD). Things to stay away from. Introduction: The process included reading and rereading of the interviews and focusing on the identification of themes relating to the beliefs and practices relating to intrapartum and postpartum continuum of care at community. Invariably, the health care that a mother receives during pregnancy, at the time of delivery, and soon after delivery is important for the survival and well-being of both the mother and her child. 2023 Jan 31;10(2):275. doi: 10.3390/children10020275. Most Japanese women aim to deliver their baby sans painkillers, an ancient belief that stems from the Buddhist belief that labor pains must be endured as a test to prepare for the difficulties of motherhood. Omiyamairis generally take place when boys and girls are 31 and 33 days old, respectively, although some geographic variations exist. However, before writing your first comment, please create a display name Especially in pregnancy care, there are cultural nuances to many aspects of communication, from religious and family dynamics to guidelines around personal space and privacy. Our intake team asks about vegan, gluten-free, kosher, and other needs and preferences in order to optimize nutrition and increase comfort during their stay. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. In other words, it acknowledges the social origins of much of human thought and action (what individuals learn by being part of a society), whereas the cognitive portion recognises the influential contribution of thought processes to human motivation, attitudes, and action (Bandura, Citation1999). We use cookies to improve your website experience. Eating soup with nails of pig: thematic synthesis of the qualitative literature on cultural practices and beliefs influencing perinatal nutrition in low and middle income countries. for that one it is like a satanic illness, instead of the baby growing big after forty days, the baby will be growing small, soft body with Asram and the fontanelle is not closing up so when you are pregnant you must see those who have these medicines, they will give you herbs to drink and also use to prepare soup so even if someone wants to harm your baby after delivery it wont work (Woman with child under five, FGD). Any variations in views were discussed and resolved by the translators. A study conducted in Zambia found out that women intentionally delayed the initiation of Ante Natal Care (ANC) to avoid making several visits to the healthcare facility and to reduce the overall costs of patronising the facilities (Menon et al., Citation2010). Also off limits: names that can negatively affect babys well-being (for example, Apple). Doing so was believed to aid in the closing of the fontanelle, as well as facilitate the healing of sores in the vulva of female babies. Some of these social practices tend to affect utilisation of some essential maternal and child health practices. The process of pregnancy and childbirth is permeated with strong cultural practices and traditional beliefs that impact maternal healthcare utilisation (Houweling et al., Citation2007; Rice, Citation2000). Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, 13(1), 15-26. Queries were also run in NVivo to quantify some of the qualitative data and the results exported and added to the qualitative data in the results. As a result, we do not have permission from the participants to share the raw data. This first washing symbolizes that the mother isnt alone is raising her child, and that the community will always be there to help her. The district has a population of 69,186 which represents 1.4% of Ashanti Regions population. You can begin making enquiries once you know your expected delivery date, which is usually around the 8-10 week stage of pregnancy. It was therefore not advisable to eat it during that period. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Further, it was revealed that socio-cultural practices such as not crossing rivers and confinement made some women not show up for ANC. The companies charge around 500 on top of the metered charge for the service. So, you have to keep the baby in the room until outdooring where they would have performed the rituals to protect the baby (Pregnant woman). According to SCT, three main factors affect the likelihood that a person will change health behaviour: (1) Self-efficacy, (2) Goals, and (3) Outcome expectancies. Though many women today have come to believe that there are choices surrounding pregnancy and birth, the beliefs and practices of providers, insurers, and hospital administrators play a major role in either influencing those choices or dictating how they will be manifested. Before Ethnic Differences in Preferences for Lifestyle Intervention among Women after Childbirth: A Multi-Methods Study in Australia. Stay on top of health care news. For example, the belief was that women developed internal wounds after delivery. Private hospitals and clinics that do have childbirth facilities will usually be able to offer a better level of comfort versus general hospitals. Fifth, the socio-emotional . The .gov means its official. One must therefore protect herself against unplanned pregnancy. And we must ask the right questions to ensure that patients understand why we are making certain recommendations and how we will care for them in a thoughtful, open-minded manner. Skip to Page Content, Refine your search: Your Pregnancy Matters, Pediatrics; We are very fertile here so we all have children and if anyone is not having a child then it is probably the kind of life she had lived and the family planning too if you use it, it can destroy your womb because when you use it for a long period of time, it remains in your blood and it will take long to for it to leave your system for you to get pregnant again (Woman with child under five, FGD). Participants in this study revealed some socio-cultural practices that were observed for women after child birth. There is therefore the need for the formal health system to collaborate with the TBAs to ensure all such babies are immunised. For example, doctors who are not fluent in a patients primary language should enlist the help of an interpreter. Other practices that place mothers at risk of disability or death include applying fundal pressure to hasten the labour process, forced vomiting to initiate the placenta expulsion, use of herbal concoctions for treating maternal complications and childbirth in an isolated or unsanitary environment (Fofie & Baffoe, Citation2010; Maimbolwa et al., Citation2003). or 214-645-8300 The following quotes support these views: The husband must have sex with the woman frequently to open up the place so that the woman will have a smooth delivery. Fathers arent allowed in the delivery room unless theyve taken a prenatal class with the mom. Purposive sampling is a non-probabilistic sampling procedure where researchers choose the sample based on who they think are appropriate for the study (Green & Thorogood, Citation2004). How much you get per child, per month depends on the income level of the householder. 2016 Aug;39:87-97. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2016.05.005. Studies in Ghana and Nigeria have documented that pregnant women in these countries saw pedal oedema as a sign that a male child or twins will be born, and were not able to make the connection between the oedema and high blood pressure (Okafor et al., Citation2014; Senah, Citation2003). According to them, certain foods were believed to decrease the production of breastmilk and also cause stomach-ache. It is because of this that some women prefer to come to our facility (TBA, IDI). Thematic data analysis process consists of three interrelated stages namely data reduction, data display and data conclusion-drawing or verification (Miles & Huberman, Citation1994). Traditionally, doctors are scientific and data-driven. This might mean more dedicated and personalized care, better food, a private room, or the benefit that the doctor with you for the regular check-ups should also be present at the birth. The country has a high and rising proportion of underweight babies, defined as 2.5kg or less at birth. This will cost about 5,000-10,000, and include a urine test and an ultrasound (depending on the number of weeks). It is for that reason that a participant indicated the choice for people to utilise the TBA outlets. Consequently, there was the need to introduce them to other foods instead of breastmilk only. In addition, when one is pregnant with a boy, the uterus is often bigger than when it is a female. This study was conducted in the Asante Akim North District of the Ashanti Region. Parents dress the babies up in detailed kimonos. Despite the well-established benefits of exercise during pregnancy, many women remain inactive. These herbs are used at places where there is less expertise in managing antepartum and postpartum haemorrhage. Of the 830 daily maternal deaths, 550 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa and 180 in Southern Asia, compared to 5 in developed countries (WHO, Citation2016). Socio-cultural beliefs are common and transcend the entire peripartum period. This could be due to a conflict with your ad-blocking or security software. Maternal and. Hospitals and clinics sometimes have certain rules and conditions by which families must abide. If your child will stay in Japan longer than 60 days and you hold a resident status other than Permanent Resident (, tokubestu-eijken), you need to make anApplication for Certificate of Eligibility (, zairy-shikaku-shutoku-kyoka-shinsei) at the Japanese Immigration within 30 days of birth. Many women who come to Australia have a pragmatic attitude to traditional This is on the basis of the social context network model where individuals integrate contextual information during social processes (Ibanez & Manes, Citation2012). In Japan, tradition has long been that women who gave birth were expected to be confined indoors with their babies for the first 100 days postpartum. To enjoy our content, please include The Japan Times on your ad-blocker's list of approved sites. Your guide to pregnancy-related abbreviations, PeriPAN: Getting pregnant and postpartum women mental health care faster, Opioid use and pregnancy: An honest discussion, Progesterone and premature birth: What a new study means for pregnant women, During pregnancy, avoid cold cuts and soft cheeses to reduce listeria risk, As RSV rates soar, get tips to protect new babies, Self-serve birth control? The spoon means a girl, the knife a boy and the fork means the gender is undetermined. Generally, field-notes are reported to provide deeper reflection and understanding of experiences in the field (Bowling, Citation2014). Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: Socio-cultural beliefs and practices during pregnancy, child birth, and postnatal period: A qualitative study in Southern Ghana, 1 World Health Organization Country Office for Ghana, Ghana;2 Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana, Cultural beliefs and practices of women influencing home births in rural Northern Ghana, Global, regional, and national levels and trends in maternal mortality between 1990 and 2015, with scenario-based projections to 2030: A systematic analysis by the un Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00838-7, Maternal death in rural Ghana: A case study in the Upper East region of Ghana, Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective, Beyond symptom recognition: Care-seeking for ill newborns in rural Ghana, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01981.x, Community-based interventions for improving perinatal and neonatal health outcomes in developing countries: A review of the evidence, Maternal care practices among the ultra poor households in rural Bangladesh: A qualitative exploratory study, Causes of neonatal deaths in a rural subdistrict of Bangladesh: Implications for intervention, Qualitative research designs: Selection and implementation, Time to initiation of breastfeeding and neonatal mortality and morbidity: A systematic review, https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-S3-S19, A review of cultural influence on maternal mortality in the developing world, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2012.04.002, A two-year review of uterine rupture in a regional hospital, Healthcare in Low-resource Settings: The individual perspective, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_2695, Huge poor-rich inequalities in maternity care: An international comparative study of maternity and child care in developing countries, Contextual social cognition and the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia, https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182518375, An intervention involving traditional birth attendants in Pakistan, Every newborn: Progress, priorities, and potential beyond survival, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60496-7, Cultural childbirth practices and beliefs in Zambia, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02709.x, Perception of care in Zambian women attending community antenatal clinics, The Ghana community-based health planning and services initiative for scaling up service delivery innovation, Orthodox versus unorthodox care: A qualitative study on where rural women seek healthcare during pregnancy and childbirth in Southwest, Nigeria, Food prohibitions and other traditional practices in pregnancy: A Qualitative study in Western Region of Ghana, The effect of community nurses and health volunteers on child mortality: The Navrongo community health and family planning project, https://doi.org/10.1080/14034940701349225, Nyo dua hli30 days confinement: Traditions and changed childbearing beliefs and practices among Hmong women in Australia, Maternal mortality in Ghana: The other side, Committing to child survival A promise renewed, Phenomenological research methods for counseling psychology, https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.52.2.167, Local understandings of vulnerability and protection during the neonatal period in Sylhet district, Bangladesh: A qualitative study, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66836-5.