Rocks origins can be traced to the late 1940s, when the popular styles of the day, country music and blues, morphed into a new sound aided by electric guitars and a steady drumbeat. [111] With members who had been part of the caf-based folk scene in Los Angeles, the Byrds adopted rock instrumentation, including drums and 12-string Rickenbacker guitars, which became a major element in the sound of the genre. Though some women played instruments in American all-female garage rock bands, none of these bands achieved more than regional success. [citation needed], The instrumental strand of the genre resulted in albums like Mike Oldfield's Tubular Bells (1973), the first record, and worldwide hit, for the Virgin Records label, which became a mainstay of the genre. Hear hand-picked favorites from Steven Van Zandt on Little Stevens Coolest Songs in the World streaming on the SXM App. Rocks form the Earth's outer solid layer, the crust, and most of its interior, except for the liquid outer core and pockets of magma in the asthenosphere. [105], Glam rock emerged from the English psychedelic and art rock scenes of the late 1960s and can be seen as both an extension of and reaction against those trends. Jazz-rock "generally grew out of the most artistically ambitious rock subgenres of the late '60s and early '70s", including the singer-songwriter movement. [264][265] Many of these bands tended to mix elements of British traditional rock (or British trad rock),[266] particularly the Beatles, Rolling Stones and Small Faces,[267] with American influences, including post-grunge. [296] These techniques also began to be used by existing bands and by developing genres that mixed rock with digital techniques and sounds, including indie electronic, electroclash, dance-punk and new rave. [217] Artists were largely confined to independent record labels, building an extensive underground music scene based on college radio, fanzines, touring, and word-of-mouth. [46] The use of power chords, pioneered by Francisco Trrega and Heitor Villa-Lobos in the 19th century and later on by Willie Johnson and Pat Hare in the early 1950s, was popularized by Link Wray in the late 1950s. $31.94. It is certainly arguable that by the end of the 20th century rock was the worlds dominant form of popular music. From the psychedelic rock and the Canterbury scenes came Soft Machine, who, it has been suggested, produced one of the artistically successfully fusions of the two genres. [236] Pop-punk tends to use power-pop melodies and chord changes with speedy punk tempos and loud guitars. [126] Classical orchestration, keyboards, and synthesizers were a frequent addition to the established rock format of guitars, bass, and drums in subsequent progressive rock. J. Kennaugh, "Fleetwood Mac", in P. Buckley, ed.. A. Rodel, "Extreme Noise Terror: Punk Rock and the Aesthetics of Badness", in C. Washburne and M. Derno, eds. [138][139] Many bands broke up, but some, including Genesis, ELP, Yes, and Pink Floyd, regularly scored top ten albums with successful accompanying worldwide tours. [90][91] Garage rock songs often revolved around the traumas of high school life, with songs about "lying girls" and unfair social circumstances being particularly common. "[351] When Suzi Quatro emerged in 1973, "no other prominent female musician worked in rock simultaneously as a singer, instrumentalist, songwriter, and bandleader". "[344] (The theory of "bedroom culture" argues that society influences girls to not engage in crime and deviance by virtually trapping them in their bedroom; it was developed by a sociologist named Angela McRobbie.) Punk quickly became a major cultural phenomenon in the UK. The iconic, Hollywood-style Alum Rock sign is gone in a mudslide. The menu had a great variety, though a bit short on vegetarian options. The drinks were creative and delicious. It is certainly arguable that by the end of the 20th century rock was the worlds dominant form of popular music. [126] With the advent of punk rock and technological changes in the late 1970s, progressive rock was increasingly dismissed as pretentious and overblown. In the second half of the 1970s, punk rock reacted by producing stripped-down, energetic social and political critiques. "Grunting Alone? Take a look here. Rocks origins can be traced to the late 1940s, when the popular styles of the day, country music and blues, morphed into a new sound aided by electric guitars and a steady drumbeat. [24] In contrast rock music was seen as focusing on extended works, particularly albums, was often associated with particular sub-cultures (like the counterculture of the 1960s), placed an emphasis on artistic values and "authenticity", stressed live performance and instrumental or vocal virtuosity and was often seen as encapsulating progressive developments rather than simply reflecting existing trends. [76] During the next two years British acts dominated their own and the US charts with Peter and Gordon, the Animals,[81] Manfred Mann, Petula Clark,[81] Freddie and the Dreamers, Wayne Fontana and the Mindbenders, Herman's Hermits, the Rolling Stones,[82] the Troggs, and Donovan[83] all having one or more number one singles. Copyright 2023 Nexstar Media Inc. All rights reserved. Contents 1 Statistical averages 1.1 Overall 1.2 Fully evolved 2 Battle [217][224] The next decade would see the success of grunge in the US and Britpop in the UK, bringing alternative rock into the mainstream. But spaces like the Alum Rock Park in San Jose remain closed due to significant damage. WebThere are heroes, there are villains, and there is Black Adam. (2) : to daze with or as if with a vigorous blow A hard right rocked the contender. extended distorted, feedback-filled jams which became a key feature of psychedelia. The history of Nuremberg's rock-cut cellars - Southern Germany's biggest rock-cut cellar maze. Significant amount of damage, thats just what we know. The best part about this style is that you can choose how severe your rips should be based on your personality and simply jump on the trend. [329], When an international rock culture developed, it supplanted cinema as the major sources of fashion influence. [255][257] Among the first wave of performers to gain mainstream success as rap rock were 311,[258] Bloodhound Gang,[259] and Kid Rock. 1967 saw the Beatles release their definitive psychedelic statement in Sgt. Nuremberg Old Town and Nazi Party Rally Grounds Walking Tour in English. WebIn geology, rock is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter. Erlewine, "American Alternative Rock / Post Punk", in V. Bogdanov, C. Woodstra and S.T. In the 1950s and 1960s, respectively, British youths adopted the Teddy Boy and Rocker subcultures, which revolved around US rock and roll. Webrocked; rocking; rocks transitive verb 1 : to move back and forth in or as if in a cradle She gently rocked the baby to sleep. From the late 1960s it became common to divide mainstream rock music into soft and hard rock. "[301] Vice suggests that this decline in popularity could actually benefit the genre by attracting outsiders with "something to prove and nothing to gain. Shively does say that there is one upside, which is that they do see a lot more deer and turkeys that come out when people are not on the trails. F.W. [330] Paradoxically, followers of rock music have often mistrusted the world of fashion, which has been seen as elevating image above substance. [105] The most successful act to follow them were Lynyrd Skynyrd, who helped establish the "Good ol' boy" image of the subgenre and the general shape of 1970s' guitar rock. [62] At the start of the 1960s, his backing group the Shadows was the most successful group recording instrumentals. [37], Rock and roll has been seen as leading to a number of distinct subgenres, including rockabilly, combining rock and roll with "hillbilly" country music, which was usually played and recorded in the mid-1950s by white singers such as Carl Perkins, Jerry Lee Lewis, Buddy Holly and with the greatest commercial success, Elvis Presley. Al Hurricane continued to mix his rock music with New Mexico music, though he was also experimenting more heavily with Jazz music, which led to several successful singles, especially on his Vestido Mojado album, including the eponymous "Vestido Mojado", as well as "Por Una Mujer Casada" and "Puo de Tierra"; his brothers had successful New Mexico music singles in "La Del Moo Colorado" by Tiny Morrie and "La Cumbia De San Antone" by Baby Gaby. [8] This trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, the Hammond organ, and the synthesizer. "[148], In 1968, Gram Parsons recorded Safe at Home with the International Submarine Band, arguably the first true country rock album. Take a look here. The rock is visited by men who want to improve their sexual performance and women who pray to meet the man of their dreams. Josh Shapiro and Lt. Gov. So they "did not provide viable templates for women's on-going participation in rock". Pepper was later regarded as the greatest album of all time and a starting point for the album era, during which rock music transitioned from the singles format to albums and achieved cultural legitimacy in the mainstream. The bands that performed were: Whitesnake / Motrhead / _____ / Thin Lizzy 1983 / Meatloaf 1983 / Blue Oyster Cutl 1983. [152] Visually it was a mesh of various styles, ranging from 1930s Hollywood glamor, through 1950s pin-up sex appeal, pre-war Cabaret theatrics, Victorian literary and symbolist styles, science fiction, to ancient and occult mysticism and mythology; manifesting itself in outrageous clothes, makeup, hairstyles, and platform-soled boots. [261], In 2001, nu metal reached its peak with albums like Staind's Break the Cycle, P.O.D's Satellite, Slipknot's Iowa and Linkin Park's Hybrid Theory. In popular music, there has been a gendered "distinction between public (male) and private (female) participation" in music. [216][229] Although male bands predominated post-grunge, female solo artist Alanis Morissette's 1995 album Jagged Little Pill, labelled as post-grunge, also became a multi-platinum hit. rock noun (STONE) B1 [ C or U ] the dry solid part of the earth's surface, or any large piece of this that sticks up out of the ground or the sea: Mountains and cliffs are formed from rock. [119] The Beatles introduced many of the major elements of the psychedelic sound to audiences in this period, such as guitar feedback, the Indian sitar and backmasking sound effects. [179] The genre was mostly a phenomenon in the United States. Like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political. Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as "rock and roll" in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s, developing into a range of different styles in the mid-1960s and later, particularly in the United States and United Kingdom. [126] Instrumental rock was particularly significant in continental Europe, allowing bands like Kraftwerk, Tangerine Dream, Can, and Faust to circumvent the language barrier. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. [151], The founders of Southern rock are usually thought to be the Allman Brothers Band, who developed a distinctive sound, largely derived from blues rock, but incorporating elements of boogie, soul, and country in the early 1970s. [111] These acts directly influenced British performers like Donovan and Fairport Convention. Tom Petty, Pearl Jam, Soundgarden, Led Zeppelin, The Who, Temple of the Dog, Mother Love Bone, Eddie Vedder, Bruce Springsteen, Neil Young. SAN JOSE, Calif. (KRON) Alum Rock Park in San Jose is closed to the public because of widespread damage from the recent storms. [195], By the beginning of the 1980s, faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and Oi! [101] Increasingly they adopted a loud amplified sound, often centered on the electric guitar, based on the Chicago blues, particularly after the tour of Britain by Muddy Waters in 1958, which prompted Cyril Davies and guitarist Alexis Korner to form the band Blues Incorporated. Originating in the United States in the 1950s, it spread to other English-speaking countries and across [260] A more metallic sound nu metal was pursued by bands including Limp Bizkit, Korn and Slipknot. Such aggregates constitute the basic unit of which the solid Earth is composed and typically form recognizable and mappable volumes. Firat, "Clocal rock festivals as mirrors into the futures of cultures", in R.W. : A Dozen Moments in the Prehistory of Rock and Roll", "Crammer: A lively cram course on the history of rock and some other things", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rock_music&oldid=1132817636, Short description is different from Wikidata, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from February 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2014, Articles needing additional references from April 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2017, Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 10 January 2023, at 19:06. at the Disco,[305] Twenty One Pilots,[305] Walk the Moon,[305] Portugal. [211] Similar emotional territory was pursued by Australian acts like the Birthday Party and Nick Cave. [345] In the 1960s rock music scene, "singing was sometimes an acceptable pastime for a girl, but playing an instrument simply wasn't done". ethos and was spearheaded by Beck, Sebadoh and Pavement. [229] Often they worked through the major labels and came to incorporate diverse influences from jangle pop, pop-punk, alternative metal or hard rock. The fish in the fish tacos was crunchy outside, moist inside with [308], Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, the virus brought extreme changes to the rock scene worldwide. [92] Thousands of garage bands were extant in the US and Canada during the era and hundreds produced regional hits. [92] The Pacific Northwest states of Washington and Oregon had perhaps[according to whom?] [191] The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world. [citation needed] A number of these bands were seen as a more aggressive offshoot of emo and given the often vague label of screamo. [48] Lonnie Donegan's 1955 hit "Rock Island Line" was a major influence and helped to develop the trend of skiffle music groups throughout the country, many of which, including John Lennon's Quarrymen, moved on to play rock and roll. [163][164] He later released a series of four albums that all achieved gold status: Welcome, Borboletta, Amigos, and Festivl. [316][317] The industry raised funds to help itself through efforts such as Crew Nation, a relief fund for live music crews organised by Livenation. and Staind, who were often classified as rap metal or nu metal, the first of which are the best-selling band of the genre. Rock has also embodied and served as the vehicle for cultural and social movements, leading to major subcultures including mods and rockers in the United Kingdom, the hippie movement and the wider Western counterculture movement that spread out from San Francisco in the US in the 1960s, the latter of which continues to this day. ", "Rock 'N' Roll Is Dead. [105], Early blues rock bands often emulated jazz, playing long, involved improvisations, which would later be a major element of progressive rock. [129] The Pretty Things' SF Sorrow (1968), and the Kinks' Arthur (Or the Decline and Fall of the British Empire) (1969) introduced the format of rock operas and opened the door to concept albums, often telling an epic story or tackling a grand overarching theme. WebDelivery & Pickup Options - 50 reviews of Rock & Brews - San Antonio "We had an excellent time tonight at the soft opening. [157] Existing acts, some not usually considered central to the genre, also adopted glam styles, including Rod Stewart, Elton John, Queen and, for a time, even the Rolling Stones. [345] One of the reasons that there are rarely mixed gender bands is that "bands operate as tight-knit units in which homosocial solidarity social bonds between people of the same sex plays a crucial role". Online Gender Inequality in Extreme Metal Music", Arthur (Or the Decline and Fall of the British Empire), introducing citations to additional sources, Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies, The Places You Have Come to Fear the Most, "Power Pop Guide: A Brief History of Power Pop", "Chuck Berry Invented the Idea of Rock and Roll", "Introduction: Canons and Listening Lists", "The problem with how the music streaming industry handles data", "Get It Low: The Dirty Guitar of Junior Barnard", "Throwback tune of the day: Nowhere to Go The Four Freshmen", "When the Beatles hit America CNN February 10, 2004", "All That Music, and Nothing to Listen To", "Rock in the Name of Progress (Part VI -"Thelonius Punk")", "Santana: Caravanserai: Music Reviews: Rolling Stone", "The Move: Great Move! [169] Major artists included Carole King, Cat Stevens and James Taylor. [166][167] Los Lobos gained popularity at this time, with their first album Los Lobos del Este de Los Angeles in 1977. [98], The British Invasion greatly influenced garage bands, providing them with a national audience, leading many (often surf or hot rod groups) to adopt a British influence, and encouraging many more groups to form. Take a look here. [102] The last Yardbirds guitarist was Jimmy Page, who went on to form The New Yardbirds which rapidly became Led Zeppelin. [320][321][322] Artists that have been identified as part of the style include Black Midi, Wet Leg, Squid, Black Country, New Road, Dry Cleaning, Shame, Sleaford Mods, Fontaines D.C., The Murder Capital, Idles and Yard Act. [170] In contrast, hard rock was more often derived from blues-rock and was played louder and with more intensity. Rock can consist of a single mineral or of several minerals that are either tightly compacted or held together by a cement-like mineral matrix. [43], The era also saw the growth in popularity of the electric guitar, and the development of a specifically rock and roll style of playing through such exponents as Chuck Berry, Link Wray, and Scotty Moore. Like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political. There are heroes, there are villains, and there is Black Adam. Perhaps the most critically acclaimed fusion came from the jazz side of the equation, with Miles Davis, particularly influenced by the work of Hendrix, incorporating rock instrumentation into his sound for the album Bitches Brew (1970). per adult. WebIn geology, rock is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter. [102] In the late 1960s Jeff Beck, also an alumnus of the Yardbirds, moved blues rock in the direction of heavy rock with his band, the Jeff Beck Group. Tom Petty, Pearl Jam, Soundgarden, Led Zeppelin, The Who, Temple of the Dog, Mother Love Bone, Eddie Vedder, Bruce Springsteen, Neil Young. Savage (1992), pp. [217] The Smiths were a major influence, as were bands of the Madchester scene, which had dissolved in the early 1990s. The menu had a great variety, though a bit short on vegetarian options. [249], Hip hop had gained attention from rock acts in the early 1980s, including the Clash with "The Magnificent Seven" (1980) and Blondie with "Rapture" (1980). [279] At the same time, use of the term emo expanded beyond the musical genre, becoming associated with fashion, a hairstyle and any music that expressed emotion. "The Golden Age of Rock Instrumentals". It was a major influence on subsequent rock-influenced jazz artists, including Herbie Hancock, Chick Corea and Weather Report. [186] The genre reached its commercial, artistic and influential peak in the mid-1980s, with Springsteen's Born in the USA (1984), topping the charts worldwide and spawning a series of top ten singles, together with the arrival of artists including John Mellencamp, Steve Earle and more gentle singer-songwriters such as Bruce Hornsby. According to the All Music Guide, In its purest form, Rock & Roll has three chords, a strong, insistent back beat, and a catchy melody. [347] In relation to the gender composition of heavy metal bands, it has been said that "[h]eavy metal performers are almost exclusively male"[348] "at least until the mid-1980s"[349] apart from "exceptions such as Girlschool". [114], Folk rock particularly took off in California, where it led acts like the Mamas & the Papas and Crosby, Stills, and Nash to move to electric instrumentation, and in New York, where it spawned performers including the Lovin' Spoonful and Simon and Garfunkel, with the latter's acoustic "The Sounds of Silence" (1965) being remixed with rock instruments to be the first of many hits. [137] Their synthesiser-heavy "krautrock", along with the work of Brian Eno (for a time the keyboard player with Roxy Music), would be a major influence on subsequent electronic rock. [149] The Byrds continued in the same vein, but Parsons left to be joined by another ex-Byrds member Chris Hillman in forming the Flying Burrito Brothers who helped establish the respectability and parameters of the genre, before Parsons departed to pursue a solo career. Grunge remained largely a local phenomenon until 1991, when Nirvana's album Nevermind became a huge success, containing the anthemic song "Smells Like Teen Spirit". [59], The instrumental rock and roll of performers such as Duane Eddy, Link Wray and the Ventures was developed by Dick Dale, who added distinctive "wet" reverb, rapid alternate picking, and Middle Eastern and Mexican influences. S.T. I. Carr, D. Fairweather and B. Priestley, R. Unterberger, "The Band", and S.T. [216] Important alternative rock bands of the 1980s in the US included R.E.M., Hsker D, Jane's Addiction, Sonic Youth, and the Pixies,[216] and in the UK the Cure, New Order, the Jesus and Mary Chain, and the Smiths. [140], In the late 1960s, jazz-rock emerged as a distinct subgenre out of the blues-rock, psychedelic, and progressive rock scenes, mixing the power of rock with the musical complexity and improvisational elements of jazz. Theyre sad just like we are, Shively said. [262] Korn's long-awaited fifth album Untouchables, and Papa Roach's second album Lovehatetragedy, did not sell as well as their previous releases, while nu metal bands were played more infrequently on rock radio stations and MTV began focusing on pop punk and emo. [68] The Chantays scored a top ten national hit with "Pipeline" in 1963 and probably the best known surf tune was 1963's "Wipe Out", by the Surfaris, which hit number 2 and number 10 on the Billboard charts in 1965. Pioneering rock artists of the 1950s such as Chuck Berry leaned heavily on classic blues structures while demonstrating a flair as natural-born entertainers. [193] In May 1977, the Sex Pistols achieved new heights of controversy (and number two on the singles chart) with a song that referenced Queen Elizabeth II, "God Save the Queen", during her Silver Jubilee. The terms "pop-rock" and "power pop" have been used to describe more commercially successful music that uses elements from, or the form of, rock music. [123] Led by the Beatles in the mid-1960s,[124] rock musicians advanced the LP as the dominant form of recorded music expression and consumption, initiating a rock-informed album era in the music industry for the next several decades. Featured Channel Rock for the People 1,000 killer tracks of pure, in-your-face rock -- classic, alternative, punk, and metal Listen Now [210], The first wave of British post-punk included Gang of Four, Siouxsie and the Banshees and Joy Division, who placed less emphasis on art than their US counterparts and more on the dark emotional qualities of their music. Webrock, in geology, naturally occurring and coherent aggregate of one or more minerals. [245] Space rock looked back to progressive roots, with drone heavy and minimalist acts like Spacemen 3, the two bands created out of its split, Spectrum and Spiritualized, and later groups including Flying Saucer Attack, Godspeed You! Pearl Jam Radio. [44] The use of distortion, pioneered by Western swing guitarists such as Junior Barnard[45] and Eldon Shamblin was popularized by Chuck Berry in the mid-1950s. [152] Musically diverse, varying between the simple rock and roll revivalism of figures like Alvin Stardust to the complex art rock of Roxy Music, and can be seen as much as a fashion as a musical subgenre. [344] "Several scholars have argued that men exclude women from bands or from the bands' rehearsals, recordings, performances, and other social activities". [169] It reached its commercial peak in the mid- to late 1970s with acts like Billy Joel, America and the reformed Fleetwood Mac, whose Rumours (1977) was the best-selling album of the decade. The last concert at Monsters of Rock 1983 @ Nuremberg Zeppelin Field 1983 was on August 04, 1983. [158] In the UK the term glitter rock was most often used to refer to the extreme version of glam pursued by Gary Glitter and his support musicians the Glitter Band, who between them achieved eighteen top ten singles in the UK between 1972 and 1976. During 1991 and 1992, other grunge albums such as Pearl Jam's Ten, Soundgarden's Badmotorfinger and Alice in Chains' Dirt, along with the Temple of the Dog album featuring members of Pearl Jam and Soundgarden, became among the 100 top-selling albums. [11] These themes were inherited from a variety of sources such as the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music, and rhythm and blues. A lively crowd dressed to the nines packed Studio 1 on the Rock Lititz campus Tuesday night to celebrate after Gov. [158] Glam has since enjoyed sporadic modest revivals through bands such as Chainsaw Kittens, the Darkness[160] and in R&B crossover act Prince.[161]. The drinks were creative and delicious. [281], In the early 2000s, a new group of bands that played a stripped down and back-to-basics version of guitar rock, emerged into the mainstream. [111] According to Ritchie Unterberger, Dylan (even before his adoption of electric instruments) influenced rock musicians like the Beatles, demonstrating "to the rock generation in general that an album could be a major standalone statement without hit singles", such as on The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan (1963). [249] Early alternative metal bands mixed a wide variety of genres with hardcore and heavy metal sensibilities, with acts like Jane's Addiction and Primus using progressive rock, Soundgarden and Corrosion of Conformity using garage punk, the Jesus Lizard and Helmet mixing noise rock, Ministry and Nine Inch Nails influenced by industrial music, Monster Magnet moving into psychedelia, Pantera, Sepultura and White Zombie creating groove metal, while Biohazard, Limp Bizkit and Faith No More turned to hip hop and rap. Through many centuries, the citizens of Nuremberg have built vaults and corridors into the bright red sandstone below their city. [280] By 2003 post-hardcore bands had also caught the attention of major labels and began to enjoy mainstream success in the album charts. But spaces like the Alum Rock Park in San Jose remain closed due to significant damage. Anti-aging serums in particular offer many benefits to aging and mature skin. It is categorized by the minerals included, its chemical composition, and the way in which it is formed. J. Fairley, "The 'local' and 'global' in popular music" in S. Frith, W. Straw and J. [176] Despite a lack of airplay and very little presence on the singles charts, late-1970s heavy metal built a considerable following, particularly among adolescent working-class males in North America and Europe. Pioneering rock artists of the 1950s such as Chuck Berry leaned heavily on classic blues structures while demonstrating a flair as natural-born entertainers. Often highlighted as the first true jazz-rock recording is the only album by the relatively obscure New York-based the Free Spirits with Out of Sight and Sound (1966). [346], "The rebellion of rock music was largely a male rebellion; the women often, in the 1950s and '60s, girls in their teens in rock usually sang songs as person utterly dependent on their macho boyfriends ". Webrocked; rocking; rocks transitive verb 1 : to move back and forth in or as if in a cradle She gently rocked the baby to sleep. In 1380, the widespread cellar system was mentioned in a document for the first time. [246] In contrast, Sadcore emphasised pain and suffering through melodic use of acoustic and electronic instrumentation in the music of bands like American Music Club and Red House Painters,[247] while the revival of baroque pop reacted against lo-fi and experimental music by placing an emphasis on melody and classical instrumentation, with artists like Arcade Fire, Belle and Sebastian and Rufus Wainwright. The bands that performed were: Whitesnake / Motrhead / _____ / Thin Lizzy 1983 / Meatloaf 1983 / Blue Oyster Cutl 1983. The Beatles went on to become the biggest selling rock band of all time and they were followed into the US charts by numerous British bands. [324][325][326], Different subgenres of rock were adopted by, and became central to, the identity of a large number of sub-cultures. The last concert at Monsters of Rock 1983 @ Nuremberg Zeppelin Field 1983 was on August 04, 1983. Rock musicians in the mid-1960s began to advance the album ahead of the single as the dominant form of recorded music expression and consumption, with the Beatles at the forefront of this development. D. Horn and D. Bucley, "Disasters and accidents", in J. Shepherd. Post-grunge bands emulated their attitudes and music, but with a more radio-friendly commercially oriented sound. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, including the controversial track "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds", the Rolling Stones responded later that year with Their Satanic Majesties Request,[120] and Pink Floyd debuted with The Piper at the Gates of Dawn. [332][333], Rock has been credited with changing attitudes to race by opening up African-American culture to white audiences; but at the same time, rock has been accused of appropriating and exploiting that culture. [120] Reflecting on this change of trends in rock music over the past few years, Christgau wrote in his June 1970 "Consumer Guide" column that this "new orthodoxy" and "cultural lag" abandoned improvisatory, studio-ornamented productions in favor of an emphasis on "tight, spare instrumentation" and song composition: "Its referents are '50s rock, country music, and rhythm-and-blues, and its key inspiration is the Band. Soft rock was often derived from folk rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody and harmonies. [242], By the end of the 1990s many recognisable subgenres, most with their origins in the late 1980s alternative movement, were included under the umbrella of indie. [10], Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple syncopated rhythms in a 44 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. B. Bradby, "Do-talk, don't-talk: the division of the subject in girl-group music" in S. Frith and A. Goodwin, eds. [233] Bands like Creed and Nickelback took post-grunge into the 21st century with considerable commercial success, abandoning most of the angst and anger of the original movement for more conventional anthems, narratives and romantic songs, and were followed in this vein by newer acts including Shinedown, Seether, 3 Doors Down and Puddle of Mudd. It is generally agreed that garage rock peaked both commercially and artistically around 1966. [240] Those bands following the less commercial contours of the scene were increasingly referred to by the label indie. [345] "Women are mainly regarded as passive and private consumers of allegedly slick, prefabricated hence, inferior pop music , excluding them from participating as high status rock musicians". [92] The lyrics and delivery tended to be more aggressive than was common at the time, often with growled or shouted vocals that dissolved into incoherent screaming. A tree fell into the creek, ripping down the retaining wall that was holding the road up and leaving a gaping hole in the ground. [64], The other key focus for British blues was John Mayall; his band, the Bluesbreakers, included Eric Clapton (after Clapton's departure from the Yardbirds) and later Peter Green. Often cited as the moment of inception is his appearance on the BBC music show Top of the Pops in March 1971 wearing glitter and satins, to perform what would be his second UK Top 10 hit (and first UK Number 1 hit), "Hot Love". Rock and roll was conceived as an outlet for adolescent yearnings To make rock and roll is also an ideal way to explore intersections of sex, love, violence, and fun, to broadcast the delights and limitations of the regional, and to deal with the depredations and benefits of mass culture itself. [319], In the mid-to-late 2010s and early 2020s, a new wave of post-punk bands from Britain and Ireland emerged. R. Stakes, "Those boys: the rise of Mersey beat", in S. Wade, ed.. K. Keightley, "Reconsidering rock" in, S. Frith, W. Straw and J. [348] However, "now [in the 2010s] maybe more than everstrong metal women have put up their dukes and got down to it",[350] "carv[ing] out a considerable place for [them]selves. In geology, rock is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter. Our team of experts has selected the best teeth whitening gel out of hundreds of options. $31.94. [40] Acts like the Crows, the Penguins, the El Dorados and the Turbans all scored major hits, and groups like the Platters, with songs including "The Great Pretender" (1955),[41] and the Coasters with humorous songs like "Yakety Yak" (1958),[42] ranked among the most successful rock and roll acts of the period. [131], Greater commercial success was enjoyed by Pink Floyd, who also moved away from psychedelia after the departure of Syd Barrett in 1968, with The Dark Side of the Moon (1973), seen as a masterpiece of the genre, becoming one of the best-selling albums of all time. In theaters worldwide October 21. Key recordings included Jefferson Airplane's Surrealistic Pillow and the Doors' Strange Days. Recommended. [191] They created fast, hard-edged music, typically with short songs, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. [159] A second wave of glam rock acts, including Suzi Quatro, Roy Wood's Wizzard and Sparks, dominated the British single charts from about 1974 to 1976. [327] The counterculture of the 1960s was closely associated with psychedelic rock. The best part about this style is that you can choose how severe your rips should be based on your personality and simply jump on the trend. [125], Progressive rock, a term sometimes used interchangeably with art rock, moved beyond established musical formulas by experimenting with different instruments, song types, and forms. Shows & Schedules. Shows & Schedules. [279] The new emo had a much more mainstream sound than in the 1990s and a far greater appeal amongst adolescents than its earlier incarnations. An associated punk subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive clothing styles and a variety of anti-authoritarian ideologies. [146] The same movement saw the beginning of the recording careers of Californian solo artists like Ry Cooder, Bonnie Raitt and Lowell George,[147] and influenced the work of established performers such as the Rolling Stones' Beggar's Banquet (1968) and the Beatles' Let It Be (1970). Erlewine. WebRead a brief summary of this topic. [145] This, and subsequent more clearly country-influenced albums, such as Nashville Skyline, have been seen as creating the genre of country folk, a route pursued by a number of largely acoustic folk musicians. B. Hinton, "The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band", in P. Buckley, ed.. P. Auslander, "Watch that man David Bowie: Hammersmith Odeon, London, July 3, 1973" in I. Inglis, ed.. P. Auslander, "Watch that man David Bowie: Hammersmith Odeon, London, July 3, 1973" in Ian Inglis, ed., D. Thompson, "Glitter Band" and S. Huey, "Gary Glitter", in, referred to as career suicide, as recalled in a 2013 interview by drummer and album co-producer. [216] This first wave of pop punk reached its commercial peak with Green Day's Nimrod (1997) and the Offspring's Americana (1998). [126] Jethro Tull and Genesis both pursued very different, but distinctly English, brands of music. [327] The mid-late 1970s punk subculture began in the US, but it was given a distinctive look by British designer Vivienne Westwood, a look which spread worldwide. [256] This paved the way for the success of existing bands like 24-7 Spyz and Living Colour, and new acts including Rage Against the Machine and Red Hot Chili Peppers, who all fused rock and hip hop among other influences. [330] Rock fashions have been seen as combining elements of different cultures and periods, as well as expressing divergent views on sexuality and gender, and rock music in general has been noted and criticised for facilitating greater sexual freedom. 2 a : to cause to sway back and forth a boat rocked by the waves b (1) : to cause to shake violently An earthquake rocked the town. [50], The term pop has been used since the early 20th century to refer to popular music in general, but from the mid-1950s it began to be used for a distinct genre, aimed at a youth market, often characterized as a softer alternative to rock and roll. [115] This British folk-rock was taken up by bands including Pentangle, Steeleye Span and the Albion Band, which in turn prompted Irish groups like Horslips and Scottish acts like the JSD Band, Spencer's Feat and later Five Hand Reel, to use their traditional music to create a brand of Celtic rock in the early 1970s. HOLLYWOOD, FLA. (WSVN) - Jimmy Buffett & The Coral Reefer Band are coming to Hard Rock Live at Seminole Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Hollywood for a one-night show on Feb. 15. [201] Many of these bands, such as the Cars and the Go-Go's can be seen as pop bands marketed as new wave;[202] other existing acts, including the Police, the Pretenders and Elvis Costello, used the new wave movement as the springboard for relatively long and critically successful careers,[203] while "skinny tie" bands exemplified by the Knack,[204] or the photogenic Blondie, began as punk acts and moved into more commercial territory. Particularly significant was the release of Blues Breakers with Eric Clapton (Beano) album (1966), considered one of the seminal British blues recordings and the sound of which was much emulated in both Britain and the United States. [68] Like Dale and his Del-Tones, most early surf bands were formed in Southern California, including the Bel-Airs, the Challengers, and Eddie & the Showmen. Street, eds. [149] Bands in California that adopted country rock included Hearts and Flowers, Poco, New Riders of the Purple Sage,[149] the Beau Brummels,[149] and the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. Yazicioglu and A.F. For instrumentation, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar, drums, and one or more singers. T. Frank, "Alternative to what? Webrock. [338] Political activism reached a mainstream peak with the "Do They Know It's Christmas?" [174] The term was first used in music in Steppenwolf's "Born to Be Wild" (1967) and began to be associated with pioneer bands like San Francisco's Blue Cheer, Cleveland's James Gang and Michigan's Grand Funk Railroad. [154] It was prefigured by the showmanship and gender-identity manipulation of American acts such as the Cockettes and Alice Cooper. [347], An all-female band is a musical group in genres such as rock and blues which is exclusively composed of female musicians. The rock is visited by men who want to improve their sexual performance and women who pray to meet the man of their dreams. [298] Bill Flanagan, in a 2016 opinion piece for The New York Times, compared the state of rock during this period to the state of jazz in the early 1980s, "slowing down and looking back. [149] The Dillards were, unusually, a country act, who moved towards rock music. [181][182] From the 1990s there were increasing numbers of acts who attempted to avoid the Christian band label, preferring to be seen as groups who were also Christians, including P.O.D. [111], Early attempts to combine elements of folk and rock included the Animals' "House of the Rising Sun" (1964), which was the first commercially successful folk song to be recorded with rock and roll instrumentation[112] and the Beatles "I'm a Loser" (1964), arguably the first Beatles song to be influenced directly by Dylan. In 1380, the widespread cellar system was mentioned in a document for the first time. The three main types of rock are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. [196] This has resulted in several evolved strains of hardcore punk, such as D-beat (a distortion-heavy subgenre influenced by the UK band Discharge), anarcho-punk (such as Crass), grindcore (such as Napalm Death), and crust punk. Major influences beside punk bands were the Velvet Underground, Frank Zappa and Captain Beefheart, and the New York-based no wave scene which placed an emphasis on performance, including bands such as James Chance and the Contortions, DNA and Sonic Youth. Walking Tours. Rock-type moves are super-effective against Bug -, Fire -, Flying -, and Ice -type Pokmon, while Rock-type Pokmon are weak to Fighting -, Grass -, Ground -, Steel -, and Water -type moves. WebThere are heroes, there are villains, and there is Black Adam. By 1959, the death of Buddy Holly, the Big Bopper and Ritchie Valens in a plane crash, the departure of Elvis for the army, the retirement of Little Richard to become a preacher, prosecutions of Jerry Lee Lewis and Chuck Berry and the breaking of the payola scandal (which implicated major figures, including Alan Freed, in bribery and corruption in promoting individual acts or songs), gave a sense that the rock and roll era established at that point had come to an end. Punk was an influence in the 1980s on new wave, post-punk and eventually alternative rock. [225] Grunge fused elements of hardcore punk and heavy metal into a single sound, and made heavy use of guitar distortion, fuzz and feedback. Few of these early bands achieved mainstream success, although exceptions to this rule include R.E.M., the Smiths, and the Cure. [153] Glam is most noted for its sexual and gender ambiguity and representations of androgyny, beside extensive use of theatrics. The groups in this scene have been described with the term "Crank Wave" by NME and The Quietus in 2019, and as "Post-Brexit New Wave" by NPR writer Matthew Perpetua in 2021. [214] Although many post-punk bands continued to record and perform, it declined as a movement in the mid-1980s as acts disbanded or moved off to explore other musical areas, but it has continued to influence the development of rock music and has been seen as a major element in the creation of the alternative rock movement. [63] While rock and roll was fading into lightweight pop and ballads, British rock groups at clubs and local dances, heavily influenced by blues-rock pioneers like Alexis Korner, were starting to play with an intensity and drive seldom found in white American acts. Starting in the 1980s Christian pop performers have had some mainstream success. R. Uterberger, "Blues Rock", in V. Bogdanov, C. Woodstra, S.T. [142], Reflecting on developments that occurred in rock music in the early 1970s, Robert Christgau wrote in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981):[17]. [215], The term alternative rock was coined in the early 1980s to describe rock artists who did not fit into the mainstream genres of the time. WebDelivery & Pickup Options - 50 reviews of Rock & Brews - San Antonio "We had an excellent time tonight at the soft opening. [347] According to Auslander, she was "kicking down the male door in rock and roll and proving that a female musician and this is a point I am extremely concerned about could play as well if not better than the boys". [207] Some more traditional rock bands adapted to the video age and profited from MTV's airplay, most obviously Dire Straits, whose "Money for Nothing" gently poked fun at the station, despite the fact that it had helped make them international stars,[208] but in general, guitar-oriented rock was commercially eclipsed. 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[11] Since the late 1950s,[12] and particularly from the mid-1960s onwards, rock music often used the verse-chorus structure derived from blues and folk music, but there has been considerable variation from this model. Through many centuries, the citizens of Nuremberg have built vaults and corridors into the bright red sandstone below their city. Classically, a rock band takes the form of a quartet whose members cover one or more roles, including vocalist, lead guitarist, rhythm guitarist, bass guitarist, drummer, and often keyboard player or other instrumentalist. Despite a general lack of spectacular album sales, the original alternative rock bands exerted a considerable influence on the generation of musicians who came of age in the 1980s and ended up breaking through to mainstream success in the 1990s. [206] This period coincided with the rise of MTV and led to a great deal of exposure for this brand of synth-pop, creating what has been characterised as a second British Invasion. [157] It was also a direct influence on acts that rose to prominence later, including Kiss and Adam Ant, and less directly on the formation of gothic rock and glam metal as well as on punk rock, which helped end the fashion for glam from about 1976. [ rk ] A relatively hard, naturally occurring mineral material. [197] Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a broad range of other variations, giving rise to New wave, post-punk and the alternative rock movement. Hoffman and H. Ferstler. [49], Commentators have traditionally perceived a decline of rock and roll in the late 1950s and early 1960s. WebUsually, rock is song-based music with a 4 4 time signature using a versechorus form, but the genre has become extremely diverse. [149] Later that year he joined the Byrds for Sweetheart of the Rodeo (1968), generally considered one of the most influential recordings in the genre. Pearl Jam 24/7. Our server, Anthony, was outstanding. When was the last concert at Monsters of Rock 1983 @ Nuremberg Zeppelin Field 1983? The three main types of rock are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. the most defined regional sound. In popular music, embracing the '70s meant both an elitist withdrawal from the messy concert and counterculture scene and a profiteering pursuit of the lowest common denominator in FM radio and album rock. [ rk ] A relatively hard, naturally occurring mineral material. [233], The origins of 1990s pop punk can be seen in the more song-oriented bands of the 1970s punk movement like Buzzcocks and the Clash, commercially successful new wave acts such as the Jam and the Undertones, and the more hardcore-influenced elements of alternative rock in the 1980s. [102] Blues rock bands from the southern states, like the Allman Brothers Band, Lynyrd Skynyrd, and ZZ Top, incorporated country elements into their style to produce the distinctive genre Southern rock. [59][nb 2], Cliff Richard had the first British rock and roll hit with "Move It", effectively ushering in the sound of British rock. [255] Later in the decade this style, which contained a mix of grunge, punk, metal, rap and turntable scratching, spawned a wave of successful bands like Linkin Park, P.O.D. [90] They ranged from crude one-chord music (like the Seeds) to near-studio musician quality (including the Knickerbockers, the Remains, and the Fifth Estate). [149] The greatest commercial success for country rock came in the 1970s, with artists including the Doobie Brothers, Emmylou Harris, Linda Ronstadt and the Eagles (made up of members of the Burritos, Poco, and Stone Canyon Band), who emerged as one of the most successful rock acts of all time, producing albums that included Hotel California (1976). 2 a : to cause to sway back and forth a boat rocked by the waves b (1) : to cause to shake violently An earthquake rocked the town. [89], Garage rock was a raw form of rock music, particularly prevalent in North America in the mid-1960s and so called because of the perception that it was rehearsed in the suburban family garage. Rock also drew strongly from a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical, and other musical styles. WebHear hand-picked favorites from Steven Van Zandt on Little Stevens Coolest Songs in the World streaming on the SXM App. Contents 1 Statistical averages 1.1 Overall 1.2 Fully evolved 2 Battle [289] A second wave of bands that gained international recognition due to the movement included Black Rebel Motorcycle Club, the Killers, Interpol and Kings of Leon from the US,[290] the Libertines, Arctic Monkeys, Bloc Party, Kaiser Chiefs and Franz Ferdinand from the UK,[291] Jet from Australia,[292] and the Datsuns and the D4 from New Zealand. They were variously characterised as part of a garage rock, post-punk or New Wave revival. [24][51][52][53] Nevertheless, much pop and rock music has been very similar in sound, instrumentation and even lyrical content. [233] Originally, grunge bands that emerged when grunge was mainstream and were suspected of emulating the grunge sound were pejoratively labelled as post-grunge. [190], Punk rock was developed between 1974 and 1976 in the United States and the United Kingdom. ", "We Dug Through The Pile Of British And Irish Buzz Bands On Callin Me Maybe", "Geese Are Legit Indie-Rock Prodigies, Straight Out of High School", "Viagra Boys Set the Bar High with Brash Post-Punk Hijinks on 'Welfare Jazz' (ALBUM REVIEW)", "Music History Primer: 3 Pioneering Female Songwriters of the '60s | REBEAT Magazine", "I Wanna Be Your Man: Suzi Quatro's musical androgyny", "B.E. [253][254] Rappers who sampled rock songs included Ice-T, the Fat Boys, LL Cool J, Public Enemy and Whodini. We havent even started hiking all of our trails yet, said Brian Shively, a San Jose park ranger. The drinks were creative and delicious. The park will be shut down for over a month at the least. [102], In America, blues rock had been pioneered in the early 1960s by guitarist Lonnie Mack,[104] but the genre began to take off in the mid-1960s as acts developed a sound similar to British blues musicians. It is certainly arguable that by the end of the 20th century rock was the worlds dominant form of popular music. $31.94. The hundreds of people who would usually be visiting this time of the year will now be met with closed gates. New bands also emerged like Disturbed, Godsmack and Papa Roach, whose major label dbut Infest became a platinum hit. WebRead a brief summary of this topic. [269][274][275][276], Post-hardcore developed in the US, particularly in the Chicago and Washington, DC areas, in the early to mid-1980s, with bands that were inspired by the do-it-yourself ethics and guitar-heavy music of hardcore punk, but influenced by post-punk, adopting longer song formats, more complex musical structures and sometimes more melodic vocal styles. Usually, rock is song-based music with a 4 4 time signature using a versechorus form, but the genre has become extremely diverse. [177], Rock, mostly the heavy metal genre, has been criticized by some Christian leaders, who have condemned it as immoral, anti-Christian and even satanic. Belk, ed.. J. Schaap and P. Berkers, "Grunting Alone? [216][217] It has been noted that indie rock has a relatively high proportion of female artists compared with preceding rock genres, a tendency exemplified by the development of feminist-informed Riot grrrl music. [183], American working-class oriented heartland rock, characterized by a straightforward musical style, and a concern with the lives of ordinary, blue-collar American people, developed in the second half of the 1970s. Engineers will have to look at the road before the park reopens. But spaces like the Alum Rock Park in San Jose remain closed due to significant damage. WebRock music is a genre of music started in America. Harrington and D.D. Erlewine, "Creedence Clearwater Revival", in. Street, eds. SAN JOSE, Calif. (KRON) Alum Rock Park in San Jose is closed to the public because of widespread damage from the recent storms. [255], In 1990, Faith No More broke into the mainstream with their single "Epic", often seen as the first truly successful combination of heavy metal with rap. Up the road, a main hiking trail abruptly ends because a mudslide is blocking it. [122] These trends peaked in the 1969 Woodstock festival, which saw performances by most of the major psychedelic acts. [18] Christgau characterizes rock lyrics as a "cool medium" with simple diction and repeated refrains, and asserts that rock's primary "function" "pertains to music, or, more generally, noise. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various black musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country and western. [282][283][284][285] Because the bands came from across the globe, cited diverse influences (from traditional blues, through New Wave to grunge), and adopted differing styles of dress, their unity as a genre has been disputed. Austin Davis were sworn into office earlier in the day. Our server, Anthony, was outstanding. [106] By the 1970s, blues rock had become heavier and more riff-based, exemplified by the work of Led Zeppelin and Deep Purple, and the lines between blues rock and hard rock "were barely visible",[106] as bands began recording rock-style albums. R. Beebe, D. Fulbrook and B. Saunders, "Introduction" in R. Beebe, D. Fulbrook, B. Saunders, eds, R. Unterberger, "Birth of Rock & Roll", in, Will the creator of modern music please stand up? [297] Critics in the latter half of the decade took notice of the genre's waning popularity, citing the popularity of hip hop[298] electronic dance music,[299] the rise of streaming and the advent of technology which has changed approaches toward music creation as being factors. [24] According to Simon Frith, rock was "something more than pop, something more than rock and roll" and "[r]ock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the romantic concept of art as artistic expression, original and sincere". 143. Pearl Jam Radio. [225] The developing genre came to be known as "grunge", a term descriptive of the dirty sound of the music and the unkempt appearance of most musicians, who actively rebelled against the over-groomed images of other artists. They drew on a wide range of American influences including 1950s rock and roll, soul, rhythm and blues, and surf music,[73] initially reinterpreting standard American tunes and playing for dancers. From about 1967 bands like Cream and the Jimi Hendrix Experience had moved away from purely blues-based music into psychedelia. Rocks are commonly divided into three major classes according to the processes that resulted in their formation. [171] It often emphasised the electric guitar, both as a rhythm instrument using simple repetitive riffs and as a solo lead instrument, and was more likely to be used with distortion and other effects. [155], The origins of glam rock are associated with Marc Bolan, who had renamed his folk duo to T. Rex and taken up electric instruments by the end of the 1960s. [22] Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, "rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality and aggression". This is distinct from a girl group, in which the female members are solely vocalists, though this terminology is not universally followed. 1998 - 2023 Nexstar Media Inc. | All Rights Reserved. [27] In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music (then termed "race music") for a multi-racial audience, and is credited with first using the phrase "rock and roll" to describe the music. [100] British blues musicians of the late 1950s and early 1960s had been inspired by the acoustic playing of figures such as Lead Belly, who was a major influence on the Skiffle craze, and Robert Johnson. With the rain moving away, you might want to finally get out and hike! Bands dubbed "alternative" had no unified style, but were all seen as distinct from mainstream music. [263], From about 1997, as dissatisfaction grew with the concept of Cool Britannia, and Britpop as a movement began to dissolve, emerging bands began to avoid the Britpop label while still producing music derived from it. The term heartland rock was first used to describe Midwestern arena rock groups like Kansas, REO Speedwagon and Styx, but which came to be associated with a more socially concerned form of roots rock more directly influenced by folk, country and rock and roll. [23], Since the term "rock" started being used in preference to "rock and roll" from the late-1960s, it has usually been contrasted with pop music, with which it has shared many characteristics, but from which it is often distanced by an emphasis on musicianship, live performance, and a focus on serious and progressive themes as part of an ideology of authenticity that is frequently combined with an awareness of the genre's history and development. 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