It soaks well, they all eat it up, and it's cost effective, as I'm feeding my horses much less, with better results. Ideal for horses not needing additional calories other than supplied by forage, hors. Because they contain concentrated nutrition, a horse doesnt need as much as he would of a standard commercial feed. I'm leaning towards the resolve with Tribute. But you are only feeding one pound a day to a 1,000-pound horse, and thus the actual amount would typically be the lowest sugar/starch feed on the market, even lower than the low-carb products. Twenty percent of a mouse is still much less than 10 percent of an elephant, she explains. Yes, but Triple Crown isnt fortified as a ration balancer having protein, lysine and fat specifications more aligned with a concentrated feed. Some minerals and trace minerals can react with one another and need to be in proper ratios with each other, explains Lattimer, adding that copper is another nutrient of concern. Triple Crown Complete 1,596 TDI 16 Pelleted Horse Feed 1,410 Nutrena Feeds Triple Crown Growth 1,568 TDI 12 Pelleted Horse Feed 1,410 Mixed: LD Senior 1,318 Lite Pellet 1,150 TDI 30 Pelleted Supplement 1,240 Pelleted: LiteBalance 1,000 Low Starch Pellet 1,428 TDI 10 Pelleted Supplement 1,180 Supplements 101: 3 Supplements Every Horse Owner Should Know I just ordered 2 bags from my feedstore for my new guy.. that was suggested by the TC nutritionist for his needs. Tomatoes are a great choice for beginners as they're easy to care for and c, This website uses cookies for functionality, analytics and advertising purposes as described in our, Triple Crown feeds? Ration balancers explained - Equus Magazine I have a yearling gelding and currently I am feeding - Triple crown lite, beet pulp, and a little bit of aloe, oil, and salt. Getting Started Triple Crown's 30% Ration Balancer, combined with probiotics and prebiotics, is ideal for ponies, miniature horses, growing horses, performance horses and those with metabolic disease. Dwarf Mr Snow, Fred's Tie Dye, Saucy Mary, Sweet Scarlet, Kangaroo Paw Green, Idaho Gem and Banana Toes are just a few of the varieties one gardener is growing in a 4x8 bed of "bulletproof" tomatoes. For horses who are fed only hay and have little or no opportunity to graze, a ration balancer can provide the missing nutrients without adding unneeded calories. Currently feeding Triple Crown Senior Gold, but been looking at Tribute feeds. Balancer Gold can be used to balance pasture and/or hay, improve nutrition in diets when feeding small amounts or mixing with whole grains. CAUTION: In order to avoid excessive mineral and vitamin intake, DO NOT feed more than 5 lb. mercredi 7 mars 1973, Journaux, Longueuil [Qubec] :la Cie de publication et d'imprimerie de la Rive Sud lte,1947-. Everybody loves it and doing great on it. Little to no health problems as well. Forage alone. This patented strain can help to support appetite and assist in protecting against pathogenic bacteria such as clostridia. . There on the tips of fair fresh flowers feedeth he; Lockwood- It's been about two months since I switched all my horses (Paso Finos) over. That would be overloading him, though, so the FeedXL definitely came in handy. Table of Contents show I noticed his hooves growing significantly faster within a couple weeks of the switch (he had been barely growing before then, which was bad because he needed corrective trimming but the farrier had almost nothing to work with!). The equine digestive tract is designed to thrive on a diet composed mainly of hays and/or pasture grasses. This concentration versus serving size issue is why owners should feed fortified commercial feeds of all types at the manufacturers recommended amounts. How to Choose the Right Calories for Your Horse, Feeding Young Horses: Graduating to a Grown-Up Diet, RORY Mare/Buckskin/Grade Project/Ready for Training. It has a chemical structure of 14 carbon atoms with no double bonds. Before I switched to that he had been getting a pelleted vitamin/mineral supplement for a few months, and before that his previous owner had been feeding him All-Stock sweet feed (ick!). With minerals in particular we can create imbalances when we over-supplement horses. The other is as though everything is a miracle. Mares get 1 pound a day ( 2 feedings) Young Gelding gets 2 pounds a day ( 2 feedings). 1973-3-7. mercredi 7 mars 1973. Per pound, since you can feed 1-2 lbs per day. Posted by Clair Thunes, PhD | Mar 23, 2020 | Commentary, Feeding High-Performance Horses, Feeding Old Horses, Grains, Horse Nutrition Commentary Series, Nutrition, Nutrition Basics, Pasture and Forages, Vitamins & Minerals. Gotta love those picky horses! One is as though nothing is a miracle. If you are using a screen reader and are having problems using this website, please call 952-473-6330. Dried Enterococcus Faecium Fermentation Product, Dried Lactobacillus Acidophilus Fermentation Product, Dried Bacillus Subtilis Fermentation Product, Dried Trichoderma Longibrachiatum Fermentation Extract, Dried Bacillus Subtilis Fermentation Extract, Neutral Detergent Insoluble Protein (NDIP), = Guaranteed Analysis provided by manufacturer, = Independent Analysis by 3rd party laboratory, = Prediction based on other nutrient value, = Calculation based on other nutrient value. . Unfortunately there are some good reasons why no other feed company has a product like Triple Crown Lite. 1/2 cup is very little, is that the recommended amount or did you find your horse thrived on less? But for many horses thats not quite enough. They can make a custom one for you, or you can go with the amino trace or omneity. Instead the tool checks off the boxes of all the stuff included in Triple Crown feeds that their competitors dont have. One relatively recent option, introduced within the last 15 years or so, is a type of concentrate called a ration balancer a product formulated to provide the protein, vitamins and minerals the average mature horse needs without adding many calories. Alpha-Linolenic acid (C18:3) is a polyunsaturated essential fatty acid. If you have a chubby horse use the Triple Crown 30% balancer and call it a day because if you use Lite you will either be feeding too many calories or not enough nutrition. MOS attracts pathogenic bacteria and helps to reduce the risk of them attaching to the cell wall, reducing the possibility of further absorption. Overweight horses Others, such as growing youngsters and hard-working athletes, may need more protein to help build and maintain muscle. Here at Michigan State, we have analyzed a lot of hay over the years for various research projects, and very few samples weve looked at would have met the requirements for every nutrient, says equine nutritionist Brian Nielsen, PhD, of Michigan State University. Informing them that their precious feed was produced in the same mills by the same people on the same lines using the same ingredients as the junk from Purina usually didnt make a dent in their misplaced ardor for Triple Crown. With that she gets SmartVite Senior Grass and a joint supplement. It just fills in the gaps I can't find from other products. BoyleHeightsKid listed great alternatives, and Mad Barn Amino Trace is a great CN option. It offers a blend of the essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals horses need to look and feel their best, including unique support for better topline health. What does Triple Crown balancer do? | Dependable I use the Triple Crown Lite on my IR gelding and really like it for what its done for him. It is an omega-3 fatty acid because it has a final carbon double bond in the third position. Now, before I am attacked by a horde of middle aged women trying to pluck out my eyes I have to say that there is nothing wrong with Triple Crown feeds. It appears that this patent is exclusive to the Russian Federation, with exporting to Belarus and K-stan and importing from Germany being allowed. While their feeds are good they certainly have no basis to claim through statement or innuendo that they are the best. When feeding each product at the recommended feeding rate and using the average zinc content we calculated, the ration balancers provide 491 mg of zinc and the complete feeds provide 1,037 mg. A ration balancer fed year-round can ensure that horses receive consistent nutrition even as the amount of calories provided changes. Many complete feeds are designed for senior horses, as some older horses are no longer able to consume hay or pasture. Corn is high in non-structural carbohydrates, which have been found to potentially increase blood glucose levels and risks of developing insulin resistance and equine metabolic syndrome. Open Access (elektronisch) British traditional values in the information space of The Guardian internet resource (2019) Dieses Buch ist auch in Ihrer Bibliothek verfgbar: Exportieren. It can be used to balance pastures and hay or when feeding diets below the recommended rate. I use Gro N Win form my mid 20s gelding. I like triple crown 30. These grains have essentially no calcium, and many of the crucial trace minerals may be deficient, says Downer. Triple Crown Balancer Gold. DO NOT use if old, moldy or contaminated with insects. This product also contains 500 ppm of iron and uses cane molasses as a sweetener. When it comes to feeding horses, there are many, many ways to get from point A to point B. What do you think of them? sandiway.arizona.edu Murdoch's - Triple Crown - Balancer Formula Horse Feed I use the Triple Crown Lite on my IR gelding and really like it for what its done for him. (PDF) Hypocrites or Heroes? The Paradoxical Portrayal of the Pharisees It complements our hay well, and we feed their Performance and Omega, so its easy. Total Enzyme Activity reflects the amount of enzymatic activity present in the feed. My pony mare is currently just getting 1.5 cups of Brooks Enhancer a day with her supplements in it. The standards setting and IP regimes in Russia are open to some manipulation, as evidenced by last y. You could either use a ration balancer instead, or top-dress it onto a small amount of a fortified grain.. Triple Crown - lowest iron, and highest copper and zinc of almost any balancer out there. Whether on the trail or relaxing in the pasture, the superior . Nutrient levels of commercial feeds are listed on their labels, of course, but the only way to be certain of your hays nutritional value is to have it tested. I had a horse that wouldn't eat the 30% balancer either! I wish TSC could start carrying the Gold line as well. They offer a wide variety of feed, forages, and supplements to meet all your horse's dietary needs. Come join the discussion about breeding, grooming, reviews, health, behavior, housing, adopting, care, classifieds, and more! But youre not concerned about the Fe in the Enhancer? May 26, 2022 #1 If anyone would be willing to share what they feed their mini. I like the fact thats its milled by BlueBonnet. Make sure she is getting enough grass hay/pasture and then feed her a grass ration balancer. Purina Omega Match - 40lb - Wilco Farm Stores I really like the complete too but it's just a little too much for my easy keeper. It is also for miniature horses, horses with metabolic disease and those prone to founder and laminitis, and is designed to provide supplemental minerals and vitamins without encouraging excessive weight gain. Assuming a horse is consuming a minimum of 1.5 to 2% of its body weight in hay or pasture. ), Enterococcus Faecium Fermentation Product (min. I was disappointed yesterday when I went to my feedstore and they told me they had the Gold Sr. In fact, says Cubitt, this type of diet inspired the development of ration balancers in the first place: Some horse owners use powdered supplements to add to grain, but these tend to sift through the grain to the bottom of the feed tub and are not eaten, or the horse sorts them out; the supplement isnt being consumed by the horse, she explains. best horse ration balancer. With such a wide variance in quantity, percentages dont mean anything anymore., Apply the same logic to pricing a 50-pound bag of a ration balancer costs significantly more than the same quantity of traditional feeds. I have Enrich 32 available in my area also. In the case of Triple Crown Lite the company is instructing you to use the feed incorrectly. Alfalfa can be used to supplement grass hay, but it should never be used as the primary forage for your horse's diet. That being said I recently heard there is concern over iron levels in Gro 'N Win? Values reflect an estimated analysis of multiple feed samples from across the U.S. with the understanding that geographic differences can impact the results. JavaScript is disabled. To further this point, if you take an average of these feeds zinc contents, 723 mg/kg for the ration balancers and 163 mg/kg for the complete feeds, you can clearly see the ration balancers are far more fortified on an equal weight basis. Stay up-to-date on the latest news about your horse's health with FREE newsletters from TheHorse.com. I honestly am having a hard time deciding how big of a difference it made in my horses. 1 Like BoyleHeightsKid October 28, 2020, 1:49pm #5 Commercial horse feeds are assigned to one of three categories: Ration balancers are designed to offer full nutrition supplementation to an all forage diet in a concentrated form with a low feed rate offering few calories to the diet. For humans looking to feel good about losing weight we have Lite beers, Lite salad dressings, Lite pizza rolls. adroll_current_page = "other"; Triple Crown Balancer is a pelleted mineral and vitamin supplement providing 30% protein, 3% fat and 5% fibre. I recently switched my horses to Enrich 32, it's the only ration balancer available in my area. Home - ProElite June 30, 2022 . colleen wolfe marshawn; joliet inwood gym membership; Great! of Equine Senior to make it more interesting. triple crown lite vs ration balancer - climatechengineers.com Heres how healthy horses on the following types of diets may benefit from a ration balancer. It's soy free, has TC's gut package, added electrolytes, and is very palatable. The other two get the amino trace with some beet pulp for palatability. A forum community dedicated to horse owners and enthusiasts. 30% Ration Balancer (Triple Crown) - Equine Nutrition Analysis - Mad Barn adroll_language = "en_US"; Mad Barn's Feed Bank provides nutritional profiles on. Ration balancers provide key nutrients - amino acids, trace minerals, vitamins - for growth while being low NSC, both in percent and total intake due to the low volume fed. For example, during the show/competition season when a horse is working hard and needs more energy, the ration balancer could be mixed with oats or some other higher-calorie feed, says James M. Lattimer, PhD, of Kansas State University. And it seems, by the label, that it has a pretty nice analysis. Don't get me wrong I love TC just have a special needs lol. Only Triple Crown feeds offer these 10 key nutritional benefits. Wait! Horsetech and Uckele also have some nice forage balancers as well. Oleic acid (C18:1C) is a long-chain mono-unsaturated fatty acid. Triple Crown has formulas that are tailored to your horse's unique needs and help support immunity and gut health. When it comes to pre and probiotics, total microbial count matters. Glycerol is a sugar alcohol that forms the backbones of triglycerides - a fat molecule with three fatty acids. Tribute vs Triple Crown: FloridaPriss Reg. Stay on top of the most recent Horse Health news with, If you are interested in adopting this horse, please submit an Adoption Inquiry via AAE's website; No texts please: www.allaboutequine[dot]org/how-to-adopt.html., Horse breeding from planning through foal care, Horse-health-problem risk factors, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, Design and maintain a healthy horse operation, Prevention and treatment for problems of the equine foot, How to care for the basic health needs of horses, Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of leg lameness, Proper feeding practices for foals, adult horses, and older horses, All aspects of caring for performance horses, News and issues for equine health professionals, Discussions about the welfare of our equine friends, EHV Quarantine Released at Turf Paradise Racetrack, Six Simple Spring Safeguards for Senior Horses, Evaluating the Suspensory Ligament in Cutting Horses, Regular Dental Care Important in Horses Worldwide, Investigating Equine Cases of Toxicant Exposure, Podotrochlosis: Navicular is No Longer the End of the Road for Horses. Of their 11 types of feeds and seven types of forages, they offer specially designed products for senior horses, easy-keepers, and performance horses. Its wise to get your hay analyzed, says Nielsen. Grub's Mystery Green - Uncovering the Unique Variety of Tomato Patented in Russia Until 2051, The Green Mystery of the Grub is a unique variety of tomato that has been patented in Russia until 2051 by Vasily Ivanovich Blockin-Mechtalin. Despite what at first glance might look like a low concentration of minerals in the complete feeds, when fed correctly you end up with as much or more than the highly fortified ration balancer. Sometimes you might not like what you see. Plus the Brooks Enhancer that I am feeding now. Ration balancer is frequently used for overweight and or metabolic horses. As the name implies, these feeds "balance" the. Pasture is a different story; its more difficult to determine nutrient levels because those are constantly changing. Commercial feeds formulated to meet the needs of different life stages provide all the balanced nutrition a horse needsbut only if he receives the full recommended amount. It is high in protein and contains probiotics and yeast to support digestive health. If you found this article helpful consider buying me a Negroni at, https://www.buymeacoffee.com/jimthefeedguy, If you take the time to search my blog you will find at least one detailed article covering the details and science behind the topics this article is using for a backdrop. linda rubin watson today; cross country cycling blog; kevin maguire obituary; will the p ebt card be reloaded in 2021; personas mayores que repiten lo mismo muchas veces Ive tried a lot of the vitamin balancers mixed with a little feed and my horse wont eat them, I think they are just not tasty. Pasture intake usually runs around 2.5 percent of the horses body weight, which would generally meet a maintenance horses energy and protein needs, says equine nutritionist Judy Downer, PhD, of the College of Central Florida. The feed was produced under contract by Southern States for many years until 2017 when SS was acquired by Cargill. I suspect because donkeys are such great utilizers of their feed, that they didn't need quite the protein and nutrients that the Ration Balancer has. As previously mentioned, feeding directions differ significantly between these two types of feed. When I start working with new clients, I commonly find that they are feeding their horses a complete feed at a rate thats less than the recommended daily intake. It is not unusual for a ration balancer to have crude protein content of around 30%, as one of the main goals with such a product is to provide a source of quality protein in the diet. None of these are bad ingredients, in fact theyre pretty good ingredients for horses but they are indeed grains. now she's on kalm n ez and my mare gets the essential K ration balancer. Something like California trace plus, or Vermont Blend might work mixed in with some soaked timothy or alfalfa pellets. ), Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Yeast Culture (min. The feeds contain wheat middlings, dried distillers grain (corn) and rice bran. Recommended brands of Ration balancers | The Horse Forum This difference in feeding rates also means that the nutritional percentages listed on the labels need to be interpreted carefullyat first glance some of the nutrient balances, such as proteins and starches, may appear to be too high. Need more help? Myristic acid (C14:0) is a saturated fatty acid that is found in plant and animal fats. Flat Threaded Nested. If youre not already receiving the EQUUS newsletter, clickhereto sign up. We LOVE Tribute at our barn. Im assuming your pony is small? I was feeling like they didn't look all that great on their old feed. DHA plays important roles in brain health and inflammation regulation. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission, which supports our community. . adroll_currency = "USD"; And I also give them 1 C of dry oats and 2C of beet pulp 2 times a day. best horse ration balancergc buffer busy acquire wait event oracle 11g iberostar club membership cost. I used Enrich 32 to try to get my older mare up to weight, and I tried it out with the boys as well to see if it made any difference, for 2.5 months. The first ingredient is typically a fiber source, such as shredded beet pulp, soybean hulls, alfalfa, or some other type of hay. Alas, this is not the case. I'm really liking the Gold line balancer for my easy keeper so far. If you feed the balancer at the rate youd feed a grain mix, youd be providing way more nutrients than needed, and this could create some problems., Still, says Lattimer, If a horse were to accidentally get into the feed sacks and overeat, it would probably be safer for him to overeat a ration balancer than a typical concentrate thats high in energy with starch and sugar., In short, Nielsen says, If you are feeding a typical forage and feeding a balancer in the manufacturers recommended doses, you probably wont create problems.. Getting the right level of nutrition into a barnful of horses can be a balancing act. Soybean Hulls, Wheat Middlings, Dehydrated Alfalfa Meal, Distillers Dried Grains, Ground Flaxseed, Calcium Carbonate, Salt, Sodium Bicarbonate, Dicalcium Phosphate, Yeast Extract, Yeast Culture, Calcium Silicate, Dried Enterococcus Faecium Fermentation Product, Dried Lactobacillus Acidophilus Fermentation Product, Dried Bacillus Subtilis Fermentation Product, Dried Trichoderma Longibrachiatum Fermentation Extract, Dried Bacillus Subtilis Fermentation Extract, Zinc Hydroxy Chloride, Manganese Hydroxy Chloride, Copper Hydroxy Chloride, Vegetable Oil, Butyric Acid, Zinc Oxide, Peppermint Essential Oil, Kelp Meal, Magnesium Oxide, Fenugreek Seed, Lecithin, Anise, Magnesium Proteinate, Selenium Yeast, L-Lysine, DL-methionine, L-Threonine, L-Leucine, Ascorbic Acid (Source of Vitamin C), Niacin Supplement, Biotin, Vitamin A Supplement, Vitamin E Supplement, Thiamine Mononitrate, Beta Carotene, Calcium Pantothenate, Riboavin Supplement, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Vitamin B12 Supplement, Vitamin D3 Supplement, Soybean Oil, Choline Chloride, Menadione Sodium Bisulte Complex (Source of Vitamin K Activity), Folic Acid, Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate, Manganese Sulfate, Lignin Sulfonate, Brewers Dried Yeast, Zinc Sulfate, Copper Sulfate, Cobalt Proteinate, Iron Amino Acid Complex, Ethylenediamine Dihydroiodide, (Propionic Acid, Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Sorbate (Preservatives)). She wouldn't touch it ?? This pelleted supplement is specifically formulated for growing horses and broodmares, as well as horses with metabolic issues . Two, it won't compromise her health (and in fact will likely make her healthier. These are the building blocks for your horse to create proteins and build and repair muscle tissue. I think that labels using percentages were valuable 50 years ago because we were all feeding horses the same amountsabout six to eight pounds per day, Cubitt adds. Ideal for the overweight or active pleasure animal, Wellness Safe & Lite contains high amounts of digestible fiber which provide cooler calories that reduce hyperactivity. Funny enough, my donkeys do so much better on the Lite, then they did the Ration Balancer. Overall, I am definitely a fan of RBs. Perhaps the horse is kept at a stable or boarding barn that uses feed product X, but that particular horse doesnt need the recommended feeding rate of that producthe doesnt need the five pounds per day, says Cubitt. Join over 30,000 horse owners who receive our equine health & nutrition newsletter! Usually there is a deficiency in copper or some other nutrient, and youd have no way of knowing unless you had the hay analyzed.. If you are using a screen reader and are having problems using this website, please call 952-473-6330, Lactobacillus Acidophilus Fermentation Product (min. Im not sure where the scientists at Triple Crown learned math but 1,500 is a great deal lower than 2,875. Reg. Hay pellets, or handful of a textured feed works, especially if its soaked and well-mixed. Choline is an essential nutrient, often grouped with the B-vitamins. Choose up to two feeds to compare with Triple Crown below. Various types of products are available: Some are created to be fed with a grass hay while others are intended to be fed with a legume or alfalfa hay, says Nielsen. The tribute is available about 30 min away from me and they have an alfalfa free mix. Fat-soluble vitamin needs are almost always met with forage, and horses produce their own B vitamins and vitamin C. However, minerals can be deficient in horses consuming pasture alone. In addition, older hays may be deficient in certain vitamins that degrade when the grasses are cut and dried for storage. Shes doing fine on it, but I was thinking of switching to Buckeye Gro 'N Win because it soaks so nicely (lol) and I have heard it can be good for those chubby ponies. Triple Crown 30% Ration Balancer is designed for many uses. It's that time of year again when gardeners all over the world are planning what to grow in their gardens. Lite - Triple Crown Feed Lite Pellet 50 lbs (22.7 kg) Ideal For: Overweight horses Ponies Miniature horses Features: Whole grain & molasses free Low starch & sugar Low feeding rate Helps Support: Metabolic disease Allergies About Triple Crown Lite Protein 12% Fat 3% Fiber 20% 1,150 KCAL/LB. I like Tributes Essential K. My easy keeper mare gets 4 cups - approximately1.125lbs according to my kitchen scaleper day split into two feedings and does well and gobbles it up. Another vote for Triple Crown 30. It requires 2.5 pounds of Triple Crown Lite to equal the protein and lysine in Purina Enrich. If you have a lot of seeds to spare in one variety batch, test germination on paper towels to get an idea of what percentage of smalls might germinate in the future. Used by owners who prefer to feed their horses grains and/or forage products, but want all the benefits of Triple Crown's EquiMix and revolutionary formula. Location: Central Florida. One of the biggest mistakes people make is trying to prevent problems by adding too much of a certain nutrient, he adds. It's alfalfa free. The best example of their marketing is the highlight of the landing page of their website. . Surviving a wildfire: Thankful, Grateful, Blessed, Proactive Preparedness: Common Horse Emergencies, By Heather Smith-Thomas with Laurie Bonner. He gets that and about 1 cup of Purina Senior for flavor. Ponies I am technically underfeeding my donkeys the Lite, but it works great for them. Simple. It is necessary for liver health, DNA methylation, neurotransmitter synthesis, and lipid membrane integrity. Horses love the taste and eagerly eat every crumb. FloridaPriss. triple crown lite vs ration balancer. Delaware Valley University to livestream foaling. Concentrated feeds are used to provide nutritional supplementation to horses that have a primarily forage diet but require additional calories and fat because of workload or condition. VerticalScope Inc., 111 Peter Street, Suite 600, Toronto, Ontario, M5V 2H1, Canada. Published by Jim Fiorini on January 21, 2023. Probiotics and prebiotics to enhance fiber and protein digestion, as well as mineral absorption. triple crown lite vs ration balancer. Does TC make a ration balancer? This feed is marketed as a feed specifically for weight control and low NSC for metabolic horses. Excess NSC contributes to DOD through hormonal dysregulation and promotion of overly fast growth rates. Some of the leaner athletic breeds require concentrated feeds to offer a calorie dense source of energy. That way, she's getting pretty much the same intake, except the K Finish is formulated as a higher-fat feed.
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